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'''Lika Mutal''', born Lia Rosalia Anna Maria Vermeulen, was a Dutch artist based in Peru. Known for her stone works that evoke a spiritual and social sense, she reinterpreted the importance of carved works and monoliths as a unique artistic language that allowed her to connect with nature, landscapes, and the environment. Classified as one of the precursors of stone art in Peru, her style and visual concepts consider the lithic works of the pre-Hispanic and ancestral cultures in America.
'''Lika Mutal''', born Lia Rosalia Anna Maria Vermeulen, was a Dutch artist based in Peru. Known for her stone works that evoke a spiritual and social sense, she reinterpreted the importance of carved works and monoliths as a unique artistic language that allowed her to connect with nature, landscapes, and the environment. Classified as one of the precursors of stone art in Peru, her style and visual concepts consider the lithic works of the pre-Hispanic and ancestral cultures in America.


==Biografía==
==Biography==


'''Lika Mutal''' nació en Holanda el 12 de septiembre de 1939. Sus padres estaban inmersos en el campo artístico, pues su madre era pianista y su padre pintor, lo que produjo en la futura artista un interés temprano por este ámbito. Años después, asistió a la escuela Bonifacius College de Utrecht, Países Bajos y durante su adolescencia actuó en varios teatros en su país natal dado su deseo inicial de convertirse en actriz. Estudió posteriormente arte y drama en Ámsterdam y Utrecht. En 1962 se casó con Silvio Mutal, quien se desempeñaba como investigador del patrimonio, razón por la que la pareja viajó a Colombia en 1964. En el país, se dedicó al teatro de títeres, los cuales elaboraba ella misma como una posibilidad de expresión dado el poco conocimiento que tenía en aquel momento del castellano<ref>El arte de ser peruano: un perfil de Lika Mutal, artista plástica. Cosas.pe
Lika Mutal was born in the Netherlands on September 12, 1939. Her parents were in the artistic field, her mother as a pianist and her father was a painter, which produced in Lika an early interest in this field. Years later, she attended Bonifacius College in Utrecht, the Netherlands and during her adolescence performed in various theaters in her native country following her initial urge to become an actor. She later studied art and drama in Amsterdam and Utrecht. In 1962, she married Silvio Mutal, who was working as a heritage researcher, and the couple traveled to Colombia in 1964. In Colombia, she dedicated herself to puppet theater, which she developed as a possibility for expression given her limited knowledge of Spanish at the time.<ref>El arte de ser peruano: un perfil de Lika Mutal, artista plástica. Cosas.pe https://cosas.pe/cosas-art-2019/120875/el-arte-de-ser-peruano-un-perfil-de-lika-mutal-artista-plastica/</ref>
https://cosas.pe/cosas-art-2019/120875/el-arte-de-ser-peruano-un-perfil-de-lika-mutal-artista-plastica/</ref>. Estudió en la Escuela de Bellas Artes de la Universidad de Los Andes e hizo parte del taller del artista colombiano David Manzur. Falleció en Lima el 7 de noviembre de 2016, a sus 77 años.
She studied at the School of Fine Arts at the Universidad de Los Andes and worked at the workshop of Colombian artist David Manzur. She died in Lima on November 7, 2016, at the age of 77.


===Trayectoria artística===
===Artistic career===


En 1968, después de permanecer aproximadamente cuatro años en Colombia, Lika Mutal y su familia viajaron a Perú para establecerse en Lima. Allí estudió en la Escuela de Arte de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú donde conoció a Anna Maccagno, artista y docente. En este centro educativo, aprendió el uso de diversos materiales escultóricos como la arcilla, la madera y el acero; asimismo, estudió técnicas artísticas como el dibujo y la pintura. Tiempo después conoció a Juan Arias, escultor local de piedra a quien Anna Maccagno contrató para enseñar técnicas escultóricas en la citada universidad. Desde este momento, la artista decidió dedicar su obra sólo a la piedra, elemento difícil de trabajar que significó un reto para ella.  
In 1968, after spending approximately four years in Colombia, Lika Mutal and her family traveled to Peru and settled in Lima. There she studied at the School of Art at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú where she met Anna Maccagno, an artist and professor. At the school she learned how to use diverse sculptural materials such as clay, wood, and steel. She also studied artistic techniques such as drawing and painting. Some time later she met Juan Arias, a local stone sculptor whom Anna Maccagno hired to teach sculpture techniques at the school. From that moment on, the artist decided to dedicate her work exclusively to stone, a difficult element to work with that posed a challenge for her.  


A partir de su contacto con el tallador local, Lika Mutal cambió la perspectiva de su obra y empezó a enfocar su mirada en la importancia de la piedra como reveladora de historias lo que le hizo entender que este material tiene vida constante<ref>Falleció la artista Lika Mutal: autora de “El ojo que Llora” y “El espejo de Piedra”. Lamula.pe
From her contact with the local carver, Lika Mutal altered the perspective of her work and began to focus on the importance of stone as storyteller, which allowed her to understand that this material has a constant life.<ref>Falleció la artista Lika Mutal: autora de “El ojo que Llora” y “El espejo de Piedra”. Lamula.pe
https://redaccion.lamula.pe/2016/11/07/fallecio-artista-lika-mutal-autora-de-esculturas-el-ojo-que-llora-y-el-espejo-de-piedra/nayoaragon/</ref>. La serie de trabajos hechos por la artista vinieron luego con obras que ella misma denominaba Quipus. Para este proyecto artístico, utilizó materiales como el travertino y disposiciones de la obra en forma de anillos o círculos y líneas. Posteriormente, Juan Arias llevó a la artista a canteras para conocer el granito negro, otro material para sus obras y que nuevamente presentaba un reto artístico.  
https://redaccion.lamula.pe/2016/11/07/fallecio-artista-lika-mutal-autora-de-esculturas-el-ojo-que-llora-y-el-espejo-de-piedra/nayoaragon/</ref> The artist then made a series of works that she called Quipus. For this project, she used materials such as travertine and arranged the work in the form of rings or circles and lines. Later, Juan Arias took the artist to quarries to become familiar with black granite, another material for her works and which again presented an artistic challenge.  


Durante la década de 1970, expuso su trabajo de manera individual en numerosas galerías como la Carlos Rodríguez en Lima, en 1972; la D’Eendt de Ámsterdam en 1974, la Galería Daniel Gervis en París durante 1976 y la Galería Nouvelles Images de La Haya en 1978. Esta etapa fue decisiva para ser reconocida internacionalmente, por su manejo escultórico de la piedra. Respecto a exposiciones grupales en esta década, participó principalmente en muestras organizadas por la Galería del Banco Continental en Lima y la FIAC Galería Daniel Gervis en el Grand Palais de París.  
During the nineteen seventies, she exhibited her works individually in numerous galleries such as Carlos Rodriguez in Lima in 1972, D'Eendt in Amsterdam in 1974, Daniel Gervis Gallery in Paris in 1976, and the Nouvelles Images Gallery in The Hague in 1978. This stage was decisive in her being recognized internationally for her sculptural handling of stone. In this decade she also participated in group shows organized by the Banco Continental gallery in Lima and at FIAC with Daniel Gervis Gallery in the Grand Palais in Paris.  


A comienzos de la década de 1980 hizo parte de la muestra 3000 años de escultura peruana organizada por el Museo de Arte de Lima. En 1982 y 1984 hizo parte de la 1ra y 2da Bienal Europea de Escultura de Normandía, Francia, respectivamente. Para 1985, la Galería Nohra Haime de Nueva York comenzó a presentar numerosas muestras de la artista, y se convirtió en su entidad representante. Un año después, en 1986, la artista se radicó en esta ciudad, estableciendo su trabajo simultáneamente entre la metrópolis estadounidense y la capital peruana. En 1989 participó en la exhibición The Art of Peru organizada por la Galerie D’Art Contemporain en Montreal, Canadá.   
In the early nineteen eighties she was part of 3000 años de escultura peruana (3000 Years of Peruvian Sculpture), an exhibition organized by the Lima Art Museum. In 1982 and 1984, she participated in the I and II European Sculpture Biennial in Normandy, France. In 1985, the Nohra Haime Gallery in New York began to present numerous exhibitions by the artist and became her principal representation. A year later, in 1986, the artist settled in New York, developing her work simultaneously in the American metropolis and the Peruvian capital. In 1989, she participated in the exhibition The Art of Peru organized by Galerie D'Art Contemporain of Montreal, Canada.   


Empezando los años 90, Lika Mutal recibió dos premios en Japón durante la Fujisankei Biennale, el primero fue la Excellent Maquette, otorgado en 1992 y el segundo fue el Royal Ueno Museum Prize en 1994<ref>Lika Muta CV. Artnet.
In the early nineteen nineties, Lika Mutal received two awards in Japan during the Fujisankei Biennale, the first being Excellent Maquette, awarded in 1992, and the second being Ueno Royal Museum Prize in 1994.<ref>Lika Mutal CV. Artnet.
http://www.artnet.com/artists/lika-mutal/biography</ref>. Durante esta etapa de su trayectoria profesional y gran parte de la década del 2000, la obra de la artista se tornó más social y en cierta medida, política. Entre 2003 y 2007 expuso en la Galería Lucía de la Puente ubicada en la capital peruana. En el 2015, presentó su exposición El espejo de piedra en el MAC Lima - Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Lima.
http://www.artnet.com/artists/lika-mutal/biography</ref> During this stage of her career and much of the noughties, the artist's work became more social and to some extent political. From 2003 to 2007, she exhibited at Galería Lucía de la Puente in the Peruvian capital. In 2015, she presented her exhibition El espejo de piedra (The Stone Mirror) at the Lima Museum of Contemporary Art (MAC).


===Características de su obra===
===Characteristics of her work===


La obra de la artista holandesa se destaca por la utilización de materiales enfocados en la técnica escultórica como la madera, el mármol, el granito, la diorita, la terracota y el acero. Desde sus comienzos en el arte, cuando se radicó en Perú a finales de la década de 1960, la artista comenzó a desarrollar una mirada novedosa desde la materialidad. Asimismo, su inspiración principal provino del tallador Juan Arias, de quien aprendió la importancia de escuchar las piedras desde el sentido espiritual, energético y metafórico. De igual forma, los componentes líticos necesitaban tener vida, por lo que Lika Mutal nunca los consideró como estáticos.  
The work of the Dutch sculptor is notable for the use of materials such as wood, marble, granite, diorite, terracotta, and steel. From her beginnings in art, when she settled in Peru in the late sixties, the artist began to develop a novel view of materiality. Similarly, her principal inspiration came from the carver Juan Arias, from whom she learned the importance of listening to the stones in a spiritual, energetic, and metaphorical sense. Similarly, the lithic components needed to be alive, and so Lika Mutal never considered them to be static.  


Su obra principalmente aborda la cuestión multifacética de la piedra, su lado oculto y su relación con el entorno y el territorio. Desde numerosos viajes realizados a lo largo de Perú donde visitó desiertos, costas o montañas, la artista buscaba los orígenes del material, desde yacimientos, canteras o talleres; igualmente recopiló experiencias y momentos personales que le permitieron desarrollar una mirada interior respecto a la materialidad. Acompañaba usualmente algunas de sus obras con cuarzos, a manera de ofrenda<ref>El arte de ser peruano: Lika Mutal. Youtube Revista Cosas.
Her work deals mainly with the multifaceted question of stone, its hidden sides and its relationship with the environment and the territory. On numerous trips across Peru during which she visited deserts, coasts, and mountains, the artist sought the origins of the material in deposits, quarries, or workshops. She also collected experiences and personal moments that allowed her to develop an inner gaze of materiality. Some of her works are accompanied with quartz as an offering, <ref>El arte de ser peruano: Lika Mutal. Youtube Revista Cosas.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=116&v=h3kILLAYk4U&feature=emb_title</ref>, lo que establecía una relación muy espiritual y simbólica con lo lítico. Esta misma perspectiva hace pensar en el trasfondo ancestral de culturas prehispánicas peruanas como la Inca, dado el manejo hábil y sagrado de la piedra.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=116&v=h3kILLAYk4U&feature=emb_title</ref>which establishes a very spiritual and symbolic relationship with stone. This same perspective recalls the ancestral background of pre-Hispanic Peruvian cultures such as the Inca, who also approached stone with skill and a sensibility of sacredness.


Entre sus numerosas recopilaciones de obras, Lika Mutal denominó genéricamente estos grupos desde un sentido metafórico. Proyectos como Quipus retoman el sistema contable inca “''quipu''” y en donde la artista enlazaba un eje central con sus derivaciones que asemejaba esta tecnología indígena<ref>Op. cit. El arte de ser peruano: un perfil de Lika Mutal…</ref>. Otro grupo fue bautizado como Laberintos, que recrea pasajes y pasillos derivados de la piedra y Libros que asemeja piezas rectangulares unidas a un arco. Por otra parte, el sentido social crítico también estuvo presente en la obra de la artista. Su propuesta escultórica y memorial El ojo que llora incluye los nombres adheridos a las piedras de cerca de 27.000 víctimas del conflicto peruano que se dio entre 1980 y el 2000. Dicha obra se encuentra ubicada en el Campo de Marte en Lima y fue inaugurada en el 2005. El sentido humanista de Lika Mutal perduró para la elaboración de este conjunto escultórico al pensar en las víctimas y sus familias, contraviniendo toda postura extremista.  
Lika Mutal gave the numerous compilations of her works generic, metaphorical names. Projects such as Quipus use the name of the Inca accounting system quipu, which the artist took as a central axis with its derivations resembling this indigenous technology<ref>Op. cit. El arte de ser peruano: un perfil de Lika Mutal…</ref>. Another group was baptized Laberintos (Labyrinths), which recreates passages and corridors derived from stone. Libros (Books) resemble rectangular pieces of stone attached to an arch. On the other hand, a sense of social critique is also present in the artist's work. Her sculpture and memorial proposal El ojo que llora (The Weeping Eye) includes the names of nearly 27,000 victims of the Peruvian conflict that took place between 1980 and 2000, inscribed in stone. This work is located in Campo de Marte in Lima and was inaugurated in 2005. Lika Mutal's humanistic inclinations were brought out in this sculpture, her thought for the victims and their families, without assuming an extremist position.  


===Obras destacadas===
===Featured works===


*'''{{Fecha|1979|link=}}''': Morada
*'''{{Fecha|1979|link=}}''': Morada (Abode)
*'''{{Fecha|1986|link=}}''': Opening Granite
*'''{{Fecha|1986|link=}}''': Opening Granite
*'''{{Fecha|1990|link=}}''': Alpha
*'''{{Fecha|1990|link=}}''': Alpha
*'''{{Fecha|1992|link=}}''': Labyrinth in Situ
*'''{{Fecha|1992|link=}}''': Labyrinth in Situ
*'''{{Fecha|2000|link=}}''': Stone Tide
*'''{{Fecha|2000|link=}}''': Stone Tide
*'''{{Fecha|2005|link=}}''': El ojo que llora
*'''{{Fecha|2005|link=}}''': El ojo que llora (The Weeping Eye)
*'''{{Fecha|2010|link=}}''': Kuntur Rumi (Piedra del Cóndor)
*'''{{Fecha|2010|link=}}''': Kuntur Rumi : Kuntur Rumi (Condor’s Stone)
*'''{{Fecha|2013-2015|link=}}''': Piedra de Luna Plata
*'''{{Fecha|2013-2015|link=}}''': Piedra de Luna Plata (Silver Moon Stone)
**Piedra Lagartija
**Piedra Lagartija (Lizard Stone)
*'''{{Fecha|2014|link=}}''': Illapa
*'''{{Fecha|2014|link=}}''': Illapa


===Obras de Lika Mutal en las Colecciones del Banco de la República===
===Works by Lika Mutal in the Banco de la República Collecitons===


{|class="wikitable" border="0" style="background:#ffffff; width: 90%" align="top"  
{|class="wikitable" border="0" style="background:#ffffff; width: 90%" align="top"  
|+ align="center" style="background:DarkSlateBlue; color:white"|<big>'''Obras de Lika Mutal en la Colección de Arte del Banco de la República'''</big>
|+ align="center" style="background:DarkSlateBlue; color:white"|<big>'''Works by Lika Mutal in the Banco de la República Collecitons'''</big>
! width="300 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Título
! width="300 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Title
! width="40 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Año
! width="40 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Year
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Ubicación
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Location
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Denominación
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Technique
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Registro
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Registration number
|-
|-
||De la tierra al mundo
||De la tierra al mundo (From the Earth to the World)
||1998
||1998
||Reserva
||Reserve
||Escultura
||Sculpture
||AP4251
||AP4251
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Cronología==
==Timeline==


*1939: nació en los Países Bajos.
*'''{{Fecha|1939|link=}}''': Born in the Netherlands.
*1962: contrajo matrimonio con Silvio Mutal.
*'''{{Fecha|1962|link=}}''': Married Silvio Mutal.
*1964: llegó a Colombia.
*'''{{Fecha|1964|link=}}''': Arrived in Colombia.
*1968: se radicó en Lima, Perú.
*'''{{Fecha|1968|link=}}''': Settled in Lima, Peru.
*1972: expuso en la Galería Carlos Rodríguez, Lima.
*'''{{Fecha|1972|link=}}''': Exhibited at Carlos Rodríguez Gallery, Lima.
*1974: expuso en la Galería D’Eendt, Ámsterdam.
*'''{{Fecha|1974|link=}}''': Exhibited at D’Eendt Gallery, Ámsterdam.
**participó de la muestra “''Exposición de la Escuela de Artes Plásticas''”, Galería Banco Continental, Lima.
*Participated in the Exhibition of the School of Visual Arts, Banco Continental Gallery, Lima.
*1976: expuso en la Galería Daniel Gervis, París.
*'''{{Fecha|1976|link=}}''': Exhibited at Daniel Gervis Gallery, Paris.
**participó por primera vez de manera grupal en la FIAC Grand Palais, París.
*Participated for the first time as part of a group in FIAC at Grand Palais, Paris.
*1978: expuso en la Galería Nouvelles, La Haya.
*'''{{Fecha|1978|link=}}''': Exhibited at Galerie Nouvelles, The Hague.
*1982: hizo parte de la exposición “''3000 años de escultura peruana''” del Museo de Arte de Lima.
*'''{{Fecha|1899|link=}}''': Participated in the exhibition 3000 años de escultura peruana (3000 Years of Peruvian Sculpture) at the Lima Art Museum.
**1982: participó por primera vez en la Bienal Europea de Escultura de Normandía, Francia.
*'''{{Fecha|1982|link=}}''': Participated for the first time in the European Sculpture Biennial in Normandy, France.
*1985: presentó su primera exposición individual en la Nohra Haime Gallery, Nueva York.
*'''{{Fecha|1985|link=}}''': First solo exhibition at Nohra Haime Gallery, New York.
*1986: se radicó en Nueva York.
*'''{{Fecha|1986|link=}}''': Settled in New York.
*1989: participó en la muestra “''The Art of Peru''” de la Galerie D’Art Contemporain, Montreal.  
*'''{{Fecha|1989|link=}}''': Participated in the exhibition The Art of Peru at Galerie D'Art Contemporain, Montreal.  
*1992: recibió el premio Excellent Maquette en la Fujisankei Biennale, Japón.
*'''{{Fecha|1992|link=}}''': Received the Excellent Maquette Award at Fujisankei Biennale, Japan.
*1994: recibió el premio Royal Ueno Museum Prize en la Fujisankei Biennale, Japón.
*'''{{Fecha|1994|link=}}''': Received the Ueno Royal Museum Prize at Fujisankei Biennale, Japan.
*2005: inauguró su obra El ojo que llora, como homenaje a las víctimas del conflicto armado interno en el Perú.
*'''{{Fecha|2005|link=}}''': Inaugurated her work El ojo que llora (The Weeping Eye) as a tribute to the victims of the internal armed conflict in Peru.
*2015: presentó la exposición “''El espejo de piedra''” en el MAC Lima.
*'''{{Fecha|2015|link=}}''': Presented the exhibition El espejo de piedra (The Stone Mirror) at MAC, Lima.
*2016: falleció en la capital peruana.
*'''{{Fecha|2016|link=}}''': Died in Lima.


==Véase también==
==See also==


*[https://www.evolve-magazin.de/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/evolve10_LK_Lika-Mutal_Spanish-small.pdf En el espejo de las piedras. Una entrevista con la escultora Lika Mutal Evolve Magazin Deutschland.]
*[https://www.evolve-magazin.de/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/evolve10_LK_Lika-Mutal_Spanish-small.pdf En el espejo de las piedras. Una entrevista con la escultora Lika Mutal Evolve Magazin Deutschland.]
Línea 117: Línea 117:
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYl0aak5nRI V Simposio de Comunidad y Cultura FEPAL – Mesa: El Ojo que Llora – Memoria del cuerpo (Parte 1). Youtube SPP Lima.]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYl0aak5nRI V Simposio de Comunidad y Cultura FEPAL – Mesa: El Ojo que Llora – Memoria del cuerpo (Parte 1). Youtube SPP Lima.]


==Referencias==
==References==


{{listaref}}
{{listaref}}


==Bibliografía==
==Bibliography==


1. Moraña, Mabel. (2014). Inscripciones críticas: ensayos sobre cultura latinoamericana. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Cuarto Propio.
1. Moraña, Mabel. (2014). Inscripciones críticas: ensayos sobre cultura latinoamericana. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Cuarto Propio.
Línea 127: Línea 127:
2. Rubiano Caballero, Germán. (2001). Art of Latin America 1981-2000. Washington: Inter-American Development Bank.  
2. Rubiano Caballero, Germán. (2001). Art of Latin America 1981-2000. Washington: Inter-American Development Bank.  


==Colección de arte del Banco de la República==
==Banco de la República Art Collection==


*Visite la obra de Lika Mutal en [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/de-la-tierra-al-mundo-ap4251 Colección de arte]
*Visit Lika Mutal's work at [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/de-la-tierra-al-mundo-ap4251 Colección de arte]


==Créditos==
==Credits==


1. Investigación y texto: Alejandro Lozano, mediador de los Museos y colecciones del Banco de la República, para Banrepcultural.
1.Research and text: Alejandro Lozano, mediator of Banco de la República museums and collections, for Banrepcultural.
 
2. Revisión y edición de textos: Inti Camila Romero Estrada y Diana Marcela Salas Solórzano. Servicios al Público y Educativos, Unidad de Arte y Otras Colecciones (UAOC)
2.Review and editing: Inti Camila Romero Estrada and Diana Marcela Salas Solórzano. Public and Educational Services, Art and Other Collections Unit (UAOC).


[[Categoría:Mujer]]
[[Categoría:Mujer]]

Revisión actual - 08:24 21 sep 2021

Otros idiomas:
Lika Mutal
Datos generales
Nombre Lia Rosalia Anna María Vermeulen
Fecha de nacimiento 12 de septiembre de 1939
Nacionalidad Holandesa
Seudónimo Lika Mutal
Ocupación Artista
Formación profesional Escuela de Bellas Artes de la Universidad de Los Andes
País de nacimiento Holanda
Fecha de fallecimiento 07 de noviembre de 2016
País de fallecimiento Perú
Ciudad de fallecimiento Lima


Lika Mutal, born Lia Rosalia Anna Maria Vermeulen, was a Dutch artist based in Peru. Known for her stone works that evoke a spiritual and social sense, she reinterpreted the importance of carved works and monoliths as a unique artistic language that allowed her to connect with nature, landscapes, and the environment. Classified as one of the precursors of stone art in Peru, her style and visual concepts consider the lithic works of the pre-Hispanic and ancestral cultures in America.

Biography

Lika Mutal was born in the Netherlands on September 12, 1939. Her parents were in the artistic field, her mother as a pianist and her father was a painter, which produced in Lika an early interest in this field. Years later, she attended Bonifacius College in Utrecht, the Netherlands and during her adolescence performed in various theaters in her native country following her initial urge to become an actor. She later studied art and drama in Amsterdam and Utrecht. In 1962, she married Silvio Mutal, who was working as a heritage researcher, and the couple traveled to Colombia in 1964. In Colombia, she dedicated herself to puppet theater, which she developed as a possibility for expression given her limited knowledge of Spanish at the time.[1] She studied at the School of Fine Arts at the Universidad de Los Andes and worked at the workshop of Colombian artist David Manzur. She died in Lima on November 7, 2016, at the age of 77.

Artistic career

In 1968, after spending approximately four years in Colombia, Lika Mutal and her family traveled to Peru and settled in Lima. There she studied at the School of Art at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú where she met Anna Maccagno, an artist and professor. At the school she learned how to use diverse sculptural materials such as clay, wood, and steel. She also studied artistic techniques such as drawing and painting. Some time later she met Juan Arias, a local stone sculptor whom Anna Maccagno hired to teach sculpture techniques at the school. From that moment on, the artist decided to dedicate her work exclusively to stone, a difficult element to work with that posed a challenge for her.

From her contact with the local carver, Lika Mutal altered the perspective of her work and began to focus on the importance of stone as storyteller, which allowed her to understand that this material has a constant life.[2] The artist then made a series of works that she called Quipus. For this project, she used materials such as travertine and arranged the work in the form of rings or circles and lines. Later, Juan Arias took the artist to quarries to become familiar with black granite, another material for her works and which again presented an artistic challenge.

During the nineteen seventies, she exhibited her works individually in numerous galleries such as Carlos Rodriguez in Lima in 1972, D'Eendt in Amsterdam in 1974, Daniel Gervis Gallery in Paris in 1976, and the Nouvelles Images Gallery in The Hague in 1978. This stage was decisive in her being recognized internationally for her sculptural handling of stone. In this decade she also participated in group shows organized by the Banco Continental gallery in Lima and at FIAC with Daniel Gervis Gallery in the Grand Palais in Paris.

In the early nineteen eighties she was part of 3000 años de escultura peruana (3000 Years of Peruvian Sculpture), an exhibition organized by the Lima Art Museum. In 1982 and 1984, she participated in the I and II European Sculpture Biennial in Normandy, France. In 1985, the Nohra Haime Gallery in New York began to present numerous exhibitions by the artist and became her principal representation. A year later, in 1986, the artist settled in New York, developing her work simultaneously in the American metropolis and the Peruvian capital. In 1989, she participated in the exhibition The Art of Peru organized by Galerie D'Art Contemporain of Montreal, Canada.

In the early nineteen nineties, Lika Mutal received two awards in Japan during the Fujisankei Biennale, the first being Excellent Maquette, awarded in 1992, and the second being Ueno Royal Museum Prize in 1994.[3] During this stage of her career and much of the noughties, the artist's work became more social and to some extent political. From 2003 to 2007, she exhibited at Galería Lucía de la Puente in the Peruvian capital. In 2015, she presented her exhibition El espejo de piedra (The Stone Mirror) at the Lima Museum of Contemporary Art (MAC).

Characteristics of her work

The work of the Dutch sculptor is notable for the use of materials such as wood, marble, granite, diorite, terracotta, and steel. From her beginnings in art, when she settled in Peru in the late sixties, the artist began to develop a novel view of materiality. Similarly, her principal inspiration came from the carver Juan Arias, from whom she learned the importance of listening to the stones in a spiritual, energetic, and metaphorical sense. Similarly, the lithic components needed to be alive, and so Lika Mutal never considered them to be static.

Her work deals mainly with the multifaceted question of stone, its hidden sides and its relationship with the environment and the territory. On numerous trips across Peru during which she visited deserts, coasts, and mountains, the artist sought the origins of the material in deposits, quarries, or workshops. She also collected experiences and personal moments that allowed her to develop an inner gaze of materiality. Some of her works are accompanied with quartz as an offering, [4]which establishes a very spiritual and symbolic relationship with stone. This same perspective recalls the ancestral background of pre-Hispanic Peruvian cultures such as the Inca, who also approached stone with skill and a sensibility of sacredness.

Lika Mutal gave the numerous compilations of her works generic, metaphorical names. Projects such as Quipus use the name of the Inca accounting system quipu, which the artist took as a central axis with its derivations resembling this indigenous technology[5]. Another group was baptized Laberintos (Labyrinths), which recreates passages and corridors derived from stone. Libros (Books) resemble rectangular pieces of stone attached to an arch. On the other hand, a sense of social critique is also present in the artist's work. Her sculpture and memorial proposal El ojo que llora (The Weeping Eye) includes the names of nearly 27,000 victims of the Peruvian conflict that took place between 1980 and 2000, inscribed in stone. This work is located in Campo de Marte in Lima and was inaugurated in 2005. Lika Mutal's humanistic inclinations were brought out in this sculpture, her thought for the victims and their families, without assuming an extremist position.

Featured works

  • 1979: Morada (Abode)
  • 1986: Opening Granite
  • 1990: Alpha
  • 1992: Labyrinth in Situ
  • 2000: Stone Tide
  • 2005: El ojo que llora (The Weeping Eye)
  • 2010: Kuntur Rumi : Kuntur Rumi (Condor’s Stone)
  • 2013-2015: Piedra de Luna Plata (Silver Moon Stone)
    • Piedra Lagartija (Lizard Stone)
  • 2014: Illapa

Works by Lika Mutal in the Banco de la República Collecitons

Works by Lika Mutal in the Banco de la República Collecitons
Title Year Location Technique Registration number
De la tierra al mundo (From the Earth to the World) 1998 Reserve Sculpture AP4251

Timeline

  • 1939: Born in the Netherlands.
  • 1962: Married Silvio Mutal.
  • 1964: Arrived in Colombia.
  • 1968: Settled in Lima, Peru.
  • 1972: Exhibited at Carlos Rodríguez Gallery, Lima.
  • 1974: Exhibited at D’Eendt Gallery, Ámsterdam.
  • Participated in the Exhibition of the School of Visual Arts, Banco Continental Gallery, Lima.
  • 1976: Exhibited at Daniel Gervis Gallery, Paris.
  • Participated for the first time as part of a group in FIAC at Grand Palais, Paris.
  • 1978: Exhibited at Galerie Nouvelles, The Hague.
  • 1899: Participated in the exhibition 3000 años de escultura peruana (3000 Years of Peruvian Sculpture) at the Lima Art Museum.
  • 1982: Participated for the first time in the European Sculpture Biennial in Normandy, France.
  • 1985: First solo exhibition at Nohra Haime Gallery, New York.
  • 1986: Settled in New York.
  • 1989: Participated in the exhibition The Art of Peru at Galerie D'Art Contemporain, Montreal.
  • 1992: Received the Excellent Maquette Award at Fujisankei Biennale, Japan.
  • 1994: Received the Ueno Royal Museum Prize at Fujisankei Biennale, Japan.
  • 2005: Inaugurated her work El ojo que llora (The Weeping Eye) as a tribute to the victims of the internal armed conflict in Peru.
  • 2015: Presented the exhibition El espejo de piedra (The Stone Mirror) at MAC, Lima.
  • 2016: Died in Lima.

See also

References

  1. ↑ El arte de ser peruano: un perfil de Lika Mutal, artista plástica. Cosas.pe https://cosas.pe/cosas-art-2019/120875/el-arte-de-ser-peruano-un-perfil-de-lika-mutal-artista-plastica/
  2. ↑ Falleció la artista Lika Mutal: autora de “El ojo que Llora” y “El espejo de Piedra”. Lamula.pe https://redaccion.lamula.pe/2016/11/07/fallecio-artista-lika-mutal-autora-de-esculturas-el-ojo-que-llora-y-el-espejo-de-piedra/nayoaragon/
  3. ↑ Lika Mutal CV. Artnet. http://www.artnet.com/artists/lika-mutal/biography
  4. ↑ El arte de ser peruano: Lika Mutal. Youtube Revista Cosas. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=116&amp;v=h3kILLAYk4U&amp;feature=emb_title
  5. ↑ Op. cit. El arte de ser peruano: un perfil de Lika Mutal…

Bibliography

1. Moraña, Mabel. (2014). Inscripciones críticas: ensayos sobre cultura latinoamericana. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Cuarto Propio.

2. Rubiano Caballero, Germán. (2001). Art of Latin America 1981-2000. Washington: Inter-American Development Bank.

Banco de la República Art Collection

Credits

1.Research and text: Alejandro Lozano, mediator of Banco de la República museums and collections, for Banrepcultural.

2.Review and editing: Inti Camila Romero Estrada and Diana Marcela Salas Solórzano. Public and Educational Services, Art and Other Collections Unit (UAOC).


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