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==Biography==
==Biography==


Nació en Medellín el 19 de abril de 1932. Fue el segundo de los tres hijos de la pareja formada por el comerciante David Botero Mejía y la costurera Flora Angulo de Botero. Su hermano mayor Juan David, había nacido cuatro años antes y su hermano menor Rodrigo, nació en 1936, el mismo año que murió su padre.
Born in Medellín on April 19, 1932, Botero was the second of three children of David Botero Mejía, a businessman, and Flora Angulo de Botero, a seamstress. His older brother Juan David had been born four years earlier, and his younger brother Rodrigo was born in 1936, the same year his father died.
A partir de 1938 inició su formación básica de primaria y continuó su educación secundaria en el Colegio de Jesuitas de Bolívar.  


En 1948,  a la edad de 16 años publicó sus primeras ilustraciones en la revista dominical de El Colombiano, uno de los periódicos más importantes de Medellín. Una vez terminados sus estudios secundarios en 1950, se trasladó a Bogotá en 1951.  
In 1938 Botero began his primary education and continued his secondary education at the Bolívar Jesuit School.  


En 1955 se casó con la gestora cultura Gloria Zea, con quien tuvo tres hijos: Fernando, Lina y Juan Carlos. Este último nació en 1960, el mismo año en que se separó de su primera esposa.
In 1948, at the age of 16, he published his first illustrations in the Sunday magazine of El Colombiano, one of the most important newspapers in Medellín. After finishing his high school studies in 1950, he moved to Bogotá in 1951.  


En 1964 se casó por segunda vez con Cecilia Zambrano con quien tuvo su cuarto hijo: Pedrito, nacido en 1970. En 1974, cuando apenas tenía cuatro años, el niño murió en un accidente de tránsito que la familia tuvo en España. El matrimonio no superó la pérdida del niño y Botero se separó por segunda vez.
In 1955 he married the cultural manager Gloria Zea, with whom he had three children: Fernando, Lina, and Juan Carlos. The latter was born in 1960, the same year Botero separated from his first wife.


En 1973, se radicó en París, donde conoció a la escultora y pintora griega Sophie Vari, con quien se casó en 1978. Actualmente vive entre París, Pietrasanta y Nueva York.  
In 1964 he married for the second time with Cecilia Zambrano, with whom he had his fourth child: Pedrito, born in 1970. In 1974, when he was but four years old, the boy died in a family traffic accident in Spain. The marriage did not overcome the loss of the child and Botero separated for the second time.
[[Archivo:Botero-Fernando-2.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Retrato de Botero. Foto: Hernán Díaz]]


==Trayectoria artística==
In 1973, he settled in Paris, where he met the Greek sculptor and painter Sophia Vari, whom he married in 1978. He now lives between Paris, Pietrasanta, and New York.
[[Archivo:Botero-Fernando-2.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Portrait of Botero. Photo: Hernán Díaz]]


Las primeras obras que se conocen de Botero son dibujos: las ilustraciones para el suplemento literario del periódico El Colombiano de Medellín. En 1951, trasladado a Bogotá, expuso por primera vez individualmente en la galería Leo Matiz, y presentó acuarelas, gouaches, tintas y óleos. Con las ventas de algunos de sus trabajos expuestos en esa ocasión, se instaló en Tolú. A su regreso a la capital volvió a exponer, ahora con más éxito. En el IX Salón Nacional, realizado en 1952, Botero obtuvo el segundo premio en Pintura con el óleo Frente al mar. Tenía, entonces, 20 años y decidió viajar a Europa. Estuvo por poco tiempo en la Academia de San Fernando de Madrid y luego en la Academia de San Marcos de Florencia. Recibió clases sobre el arte del Quattrocento italiano con Roberto Longhi.
==Artistic career==
Permaneció en Europa hasta 1955. De estos años en el Viejo Continente, Botero ha comentado: "''En realidad me considero autodidacta. Trabajé tres años en escuelas de bellas artes, pero prácticamente nunca tuve profesor. Mi aprendizaje lo hice leyendo, mirando museos y, sobre todo, pintando''".
En 1956 viajó a México, después a Washington y Nueva York. A su regreso a Colombia, en 1957, compartió con Alejandro Obregón y Jorge Elías Triana, el segundo premio en Pintura del X Salón de Artistas Colombianos, con el óleo Contrapunto. En 1958 ganó el primer premio del XI Salón Nacional, con el óleo La camera degli sposi (Homenaje a Mantegna). Desde entonces, el trato de Botero con los grandes maestros del pasado y con algunos pocos modernos ha sido constante. Botero se empeñó, y lo logró, en pintar y dibujar como los mejores, y para ello no sólo visitó los museos y estudió metódicamente las técnicas y los procedimientos, sino que trabajó en largas jornadas. Esa familiaridad y admiración por el arte desde el Renacimiento explican bien el carboncillo La comida con Ingres y Piero de la Francesca (1972), en el que Botero aparece compartiendo una mesa con el neoclásico francés y el gran pintor italiano del Quattrocento.
Pero si ha podido sentarse en la mesa de los clásicos por talento, empeño y trabajo, Botero no ha dejado de ser un artista de América Latina, de Colombia e incluso de Medellín: "''Muchos artistas creen que el arte se vuelve universal al copiar en forma universal. Yo no pienso así. Creo que hay que ser honesto con uno mismo, y al serlo se puede llegar hasta la gente de todo el mundo [...] Soy el más colombiano de los artistas colombianos, aun cuando he vivido fuera de Colombia por tanto tiempo, desde 1960 [...] En cierto modo, yo pinto Colombia de la manera que quiero que sea, pero no es así. Es una Colombia imaginaria que es y, al mismo tiempo, no es igual a la verdadera Colombia''". En 1961 se instala en Nueva York, donde trabaja durante doce años; después se radica en París. No obstante, Botero es un auténtico representante del arte latinoamericano no sólo por sus temas de monjas, prelados, militares, prostíbulos, pueblos de casas sencillas y bodegones con frutas tropicales, sino por su realismo mágico.
Botero afirmó en 1967: "''Soy una protesta contra la pintura moderna y, sin embargo, utilizo lo que se oculta tras sus espaldas: el juego irónico con todo lo que es absolutamente conocido por todos. Pinto figurativo y realista, pero no en el sentido chato de la fidelidad a la naturaleza. Jamás doy una pincelada que no describa algo real: una boca, una colina, un cántaro, un árbol. Pero la que describo es una realidad encontrada por mí. Podría formularse de este modo: yo describo en una forma realista una realidad no realista''". Tracy Atkinson, uno de los varios críticos extranjeros que se ha referido a su trabajo, ha escrito: "''El mundo de Botero es la gente en un amplio repertorio que generalmente resulta absurdo y un poco patético. Pero el calor y la simpatía de su tratamiento la salva de su fealdad y la hace al instante inolvidable. La actitud del artista es tan intensa y consistente que llega a todas las cosas''”.
Pinturas en que las figuras aparecen ceñidas por las líneas y en las que, incluso en la fase expresionista, se perciben trazos vehementes que definen la representación. Dibujos de gran formato, muchos realizados sobre lienzo. Indudablemente, Botero le da especial importancia al dibujo.


"''Es un mundo que sufre de gigantismo, pero lleno de inocencia y de la mejor voluntad. Detrás de él aparece la calidad de la pintura, que es excepcional desde el punto de vista del oficio''". Los cuadros de Botero son, ante todo, pinturas de gran belleza. El artista ha escogido una manera de pintar tradicional, pero ésta se encuentra tan transformada por su visión personal que resulta única y muy original. Trabaja a partir de un mundo conocido y recordado, pero en él aparecen y suceden muchas cosas maravillosas: la composición sobre un fondo color vino de ocho prelados amontonados unos sobre otros como si fueran las frutas de un bodegón, del óleo Obispos muertos (1965); la desmesurada desproporción entre la diminuta primera dama y el gigante militar, con una minúscula taza, del óleo Dictador tomando chocolate (1969); la presencia de una babilla y una serpiente en el piso de la sala, del carboncillo Familia con animales colombianos (1970). El catálogo de la exposición de Botero, organizada por el Museo Hirshhorn de Washington en 1979, dividió sus obras en seis categorías: 1) Religión: Madonnas, santos, diablos, cardenales, obispos, nuncios, madres superioras, monjas; 2) Grandes maestros: diversas interpretaciones de obras de Jan van Eyck, Masaccio, Paolo Uccello, Andrea Mantegna, Leonardo da Vinci, Lucas Cranach, Alberto Durero, Caravaggio, El Greco, Diego Velázquez, Francisco de Zurbarán, Juan Sánchez Cotán, Georges de la Tour, etc.; 3) Naturalezas muertas y vivientes: animales, especialmente en las esculturas de los últimos años; 4) Desnudos y costumbres sexuales: particularmente escenas prostibularias; 5) Políticos-presidentes, primeras damas, militares; y 6) Gente real e imaginaria: el ciclista Ramón Hoyos, vendedores de arte, miembros de su familia, numerosos autorretratos y muchos personajes anónimos que posan, comen, bailan o montan a caballo.
Botero's first known works are drawings: the illustrations for the literary supplement of the El Colombiano newspaper in Medellín. In 1951, after moving to Bogotá, he had his first individual exhibition at the Leo Matiz gallery, presenting watercolors, gouaches, ink drawings, and oils. With the sales of some of his works exhibited on that occasion, he settled in Tolú. On his return to the capital, he exhibited again, this time with more success. At the IX National Artists’ Salon, held in 1952, Botero won second prize in oil painting with “Frente al mar” (In Front of the Sea). He was 20 years old at the time and decided to travel to Europe. He spent a short time at the San Fernando Academy in Madrid and then at the San Marco Academy in Florence, where he took classes on the art of the Italian Quattrocento with Roberto Longhi.  
Entre la gente imaginaria hay que mencionar a los toreros y a los muchos personajes, incluyendo los de los tablaos flamencos, relacionados con el mundo de la tauromaquia, tema recurrente en la obra de Botero desde los primeros años ochenta. De acuerdo con Simón Alberto Consalvi “''La tauromaquia de Botero es una confesión: un ejercicio de nostalgia y, finalmente, una fiesta de grandes toros, matadores arrojados, picadores borbónicos, caballos suicidas y majas celebratorias''” Pero la fiesta brava no puede entenderse sin la presencia de la muerte, y Botero lo sabe bien; ha pintado cuadros como Toro muriendo (óleo, 1985) y Muerte de Ramón Torres (óleo, 1986), en los que el triunfador es un esqueleto que blande una espada, acaballado en la grupa del animal. Desde 1976, Botero ha combinado su trabajo de pintor y dibujante con el de escultor.


En 1977 expuso por primera vez sus esculturas, en el Grand Palais de París. Contando con algunas obras previas realizadas en pasta acrílica, que se remontan a comienzos de los sesenta, Botero tiene hoy una producción abundante en tres dimensiones, especialmente bronces y mármoles. Al leer los textos del propio artista comentando sus esculturas, se entiende fácilmente el carácter "''arcaizante''" que tienen todos sus trabajos tridimensionales. Botero habla, por ejemplo, de volver a enfrentar el problema dentro de los materiales tradicionales como el bronce o el mármol, de buscar el espíritu de la escultura colonial, tener raíces en el arte precolombino, tener cierta inspiración en piezas del arte popular mexicano.
He remained in Europe until 1955. Of these years in Europe, Botero has commented: "I actually consider myself self-taught. I worked for three years in fine arts schools, but practically never had a teacher. I learned by reading, going at museums, and above all painting."
Con estas inclinaciones, no puede negarse que Botero ha logrado llevar a cabo, en los mejores talleres de Pietrasanta (Toscana, Italia), algunas esculturas de muy buena calidad, especialmente cuando agiganta un fragmento del cuerpo humano o lleva al absurdo el contraste entre dos figuras o partes de un cuerpo. No en balde Botero ha tenido reconocimientos como la exposición de sus esculturas en los Campos Elíseos de París (1992) y en la Quinta Avenida de Nueva York (1993), al igual que la exposición La corrida, en la Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango de Bogotá (1993). Hoy, todavía Botero parece inagotable. Creador de una "''raza''" inconfundible, dueño de una imaginación ilimitada, catador de los mejores pintores clásicos, conocedor de todos los oficios tradicionales en pintura, dibujo y escultura, hijo legítimo de Colombia y Latinoamérica, el imaginero antioqueño asegura que el problema no es cambiar sino profundizar [Ver tomo 6, Arte, pp. 127 y 128].


==Cronología==
In 1956 he traveled to Mexico, then to Washington and New York. On his return to Colombia in 1957, his oil painting Contrapunto he shared the second prize in painting at the X National Artists’ Salon with Alejandro Obregón and Jorge Elías Triana. In 1958, he won the first prize in the XI National Artists’ Salon, with the oil painting La camera degli sposi (Homage to Mantegna). Since then, Botero's dealings with the great masters of the past and with a few modern ones have been constant. Botero strove to—and indeed did—paint and draw like the best. In pursuit of this aim he not only visited the museums and methodically studied techniques and procedures but also worked long hours. This familiarity with and admiration for art since the Renaissance explains the charcoal work Dinner with Ingres and Piero della Francesca (1972), in which Botero sits at the table with the French Neoclassical painter and the great Italian painter of the Quattrocento.
*'''{{Fecha|1932|link=}}''': nace en Medellín, Antioquia
*'''{{Fecha|1936|link=}}''': fallece su padre David Botero a los 40 años, quien se convertiría en uno de los protagonistas de su obra.
*'''{{Fecha|1949|link=}}''': entra a trabajar como ilustrador al diario "''El Colombiano''" de Medellín.
*'''{{Fecha|1950|link=}}''': participa en el Salón de Pintores Antioqueños realizado en el Instituto de Bellas Artes de Medellín.
*'''{{Fecha|1951|link=}}''': realiza su primera exposición en Bogotá en la Galería de Arte Leo Matiz.
*'''{{Fecha|1952|link=}}''': Obtiene el segundo premio en el IX Salón Nacional de Artistas con la pintura Frente al mar (1952). Emprende su viaje a Europa para formarse como pintor.
*'''{{Fecha|1955|link=}}''': regresa a Colombia y se instala en Bogotá. Expone en la Biblioteca Nacional de Bogotá.
*'''{{Fecha|1956|link=}}''': viaja y se instala en México para seguir su formación como pintor.
*'''{{Fecha|1957|link=}}''': comparte con Alejandro Obregón y Jorge Elías Triana el segundo premio en Pintura del X Salón de Artistas Colombianos, con el óleo Contrapunto (1957).
*'''{{Fecha|1958|link=}}''': se inaugura la Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango en Bogotá con su primera exhibición "''Salón de Arte Moderno''", donde Botero participaría con Mandolina sobre una silla (1957).
**gana el IX Salón Nacional de Artistas Colombianos con la pintura La Camara degli sposi (Homenaje a Mantegna) (1958).
*'''{{Fecha|1959|link=}}''': representa a Colombia en la V Bienal de São Paulo junto con Enrique Grau, Alejandro Obregón, Eduardo Ramírez Villamizar, Armando Villegas y Guillermo Wiedemann.
*'''{{Fecha|1960|link=}}''': gana el Premio Internacional Guggenheim con la pintura Arzodiablomaquia (1960). Viaja y se instala en Nueva York.
*'''{{Fecha|1961|link=}}''': su obra Monalisa a los doce años (1959) es adquirida por el Museo de Arte Moderno de Nueva York (MoMA).
*'''{{Fecha|1962|link=}}''': realiza una exposición individual en la galería The Contemporaries de Nueva York.
*'''{{Fecha|1964|link=}}''': realiza una exposición individual en el Museo de Arte Moderno de Bogotá (MAMBO).
*'''{{Fecha|1966|link=}}''': realiza su primera exposición individual en Europa en Staatliche Kunsthalle de Baden Baden, Alemania.
*'''{{Fecha|1967|link=}}''': su obra La familia presidencial (1967) es adquirida por el Museo de Arte Moderno de Nueva York (MoMA).
*'''{{Fecha|1976|link=}}''': se realiza una exposición retrospectiva en el Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas. El gobierno venezolano le concede la Orden Andrés Bello.
*'''{{Fecha|1977|link=}}''': obtiene la Cruz de Boyacá en grado de Oficial. Expone por primera vez sus esculturas en el Grand Palais de París. Se inaugura la sala “''Pedrito Botero''” del Museo de Antioquia con una donación de 16 obras del artista, como homenaje a su hijo que falleció en 1974.
*'''{{Fecha|1980|link=}}''': instala una de sus residencias en Pietrasanta (Italia) lugar donde produce sus esculturas en bronce y mármol.
*'''{{Fecha|1984|link=}}''': dona una sala de esculturas al Museo de Antioquia en Medellín y a la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia en Bogotá.
*'''{{Fecha|1987|link=}}''': se realiza una exposición retrospectiva de su obra en el Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía de Madrid.
*'''{{Fecha|1992|link=}}''': expone 32 de sus esculturas en los Campos Elíseos de París.
*'''{{Fecha|1993|link=}}''': exposición de sus esculturas en la Quinta Avenida de Nueva York.
**expone La corrida, en la Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango de Bogotá.
*'''{{Fecha|1995|link=}}''': en un atentado terrorista la escultura El pájaro, ubicada en la plaza de San Antonio de Medellín, es explotada con una bomba, dejando como saldo 30 muertos.
*'''{{Fecha|1998|link=}}''': expone 24 de sus esculturas en la Plaza de Comercio de Lisboa.
*'''{{Fecha|2000|link=}}''': dona 208 obras de su autoría y de su colección de artistas internacionales al Banco de la República en Bogotá, creándose así el Museo Botero, al igual que 108 obras al Museo de Antioquia en Medellín. Se abre la Plaza Botero de Medellín con 23 de sus esculturas.
*'''{{Fecha|2004|link=}}''': dona al Museo Nacional de Colombia en Bogotá una serie de obras sobre la violencia en el país denominada El dolor de Colombia.
*'''{{Fecha|2007|link=}}''': dona las 47 obras de su serie Abu Ghraib (2005) a la Universidad de California, Berkeley.
*'''{{Fecha|2012|link=}}''': se realiza una exposición retrospectiva de su obra en El Palacio de Bellas Artes de Ciudad de México. Dona la serie El Viacrucis (2011) al Museo de Antioquia en Medellín.
*'''{{Fecha|2015|link=}}''': exposición El circo en Medellín.
*'''{{Fecha|2015-2016|link=}}''': se realiza una exposición antológica de su obra en el Museo Nacional de China en Pekín y en China Art Museum en Shanghái. Expone la serie Boterosutra (2013) en el Musée Würth de Erstein, Francia.
*'''{{Fecha|2018|link=}}''': se realiza la exposición El joven maestro. Botero, obra temprana (1948-1963) en el Museo Nacional de Colombia en Bogotá.
*'''{{Fecha|2020|link=}}''': se celebran 20 años del Museo Botero en Bogotá


==Obras destacadas==
But although Botero has taken a seat at the table with European masters thanks to his talent, commitment, and hard work, Botero continues to be an artist from Latin America, from Colombia, and even from Medellin: "Many artists believe that art becomes universal if you copy universally. I don't think so. I think you have to be honest with yourself, and by being honest you can reach people all over the world [...] I am the most Colombian of Colombian artists, even though I have lived outside of Colombia for so long, since 1960 [...] In a way, I paint Colombia the way I want it to be, but it is not really like that. It is an imaginary Colombia that both is and is not the same as the true Colombia.” In 1961, he moved to New York, where he worked for twelve years. He then settled in Paris. Nevertheless, Botero is a true representative of Latin American art not only because of his themes of nuns, prelates, military men, brothels, villages with simple houses, and still lifes with tropical fruits, but also because of his magical realism.


*'''{{Fecha|1952|link=}}''': Frente al mar
Botero stated in 1967: "I am a protest against modern painting and yet I use what is hidden behind its back, playing ironically with everything that is absolutely known to everyone. I paint figuratively and realistically, but not in the flat sense of fidelity to nature. I never give a brushstroke that does not describe something real: a mouth, a hill, a pitcher, a tree. But what I describe is a reality found by me. It could be formulated in this way: I describe realistically an unrealistic reality.” Tracy Atkinson, one of several foreign critics who have discussed Botero’s work, wrote, "Botero’s world is people in a broad sense. A repertoire that is generally absurd and a bit pathetic. But the warmth and sympathy of its treatment saves it from its ugliness and makes it instantly unforgettable. The artist’s attitude is so intense and consistent that it reaches into all things”.
**1952: Cocos
 
In Botero’s paintings are figures encircled by lines. Even in his Expressionist phase, we see vehement strokes that define the representation. His oeuvre contains large format drawings, many on canvas. Undoubtedly, Botero gives special importance to drawing.
 
His is a world suffering from gigantism, but full of innocence and the best of attitudes. Behind this theme appears the quality of the painting itself, which is exceptional from the point of view of the craft. Botero's paintings are, above all, paintings of great beauty. The artist has chosen a traditional manner of painting, but this is so transformed by his personal vision that it becomes unique and very original. He works from a known and well-remembered world, but in it many wonderful things arise and take place: the composition of eight prelates piled up on top of each other like the fruits in a still life in the oil painting Obispos Muertos (Dead Bishops), 1965; the disproportion between the tiny first lady and the military giant, with a tiny cup, from the oil painting Dictador tomando chocolate (Dictator Drinking Hot Chocolate), 1969; or the presence of a snake and a crocodile on the floor of the room in the oil painting Familia con animales colombianos (Family with Colombian Animals), 1970. The catalog of Botero's exhibition, organized by the Hirshhorn Museum in Washington in 1979, divided his works into six categories: 1) religion: Madonnas, saints, devils, cardinals, bishops, nuncios, mothers superior, nuns; 2) masters of art history: various interpretations of works by Jan van Eyck, Masaccio, Paolo Uccello, Andrea Mantegna, Leonardo da Vinci, Lucas Cranach, Albrecht Dürer, Caravaggio, El Greco, Diego Velázquez, Francisco de Zurbarán, Juan Sánchez Cotán, Georges de la Tour, etc.; 3) still and moving lifes: animals, especially in the sculptures of recent years; 4) nudes and sexual manners: particularly whorehouse scenes; 5) politicians, presidents, first ladies, military men; and 6) real and imaginary people: the cyclist Ramon Hoyos, art dealers, members of his family, numerous self-portraits, and many anonymous characters who pose, eat, dance or ride horses.
 
Among the imaginary people are the bullfighters and many other characters from that world, a recurring theme in Botero's work since the early eighties, as seen in his Flamenco tablaos. According to Simón Alberto Consalvi, "Botero's bullfighting is a confession: an exercise in nostalgia and, finally, a celebration of great bulls, brave matadors, Bourbon horsemen, suicide horses, and celebratory muses." But the raucous celebration cannot be understood without the presence of death, and Botero knows this well; he has produced works such as Toro muriendo (Dying Bull), oil, 1985 and Muerte de Ramón Torres (Death of Ramón Torres), oil, 1986, in which the winner is a skeleton wielding a sword while riding the animal. Since 1976, Botero has combined his work in painting and drawing with sculpture.
 
In 1977, he exhibited his sculptures for the first time at the Grand Palais in Paris. Including some previous works made with acrylic paste that date back to the early sixties, Botero today has an abundant three-dimensional oeuvre, especially in bronze and marble. Reading the artist's own texts that comment on his sculptures, one can easily understand the archaization that characterizes of all his three-dimensional works. Botero speaks, for example, of again confronting the problem of seeking the spirit of colonial sculpture, within traditional materials such as bronze or marble, with roots in pre-Columbian art and taking inspiration from popular Mexican art pieces.
 
It cannot be denied that in the best workshops of Pietrasanta in Tuscany, Italy, Botero has produced sculptures of a remarkably high quality, especially when he has enlarged a fragment of the human body or created an absurd contrast between two figures or parts of a body. Botero has received recognition, such as the exhibition of his sculptures in the Champs Elysees in Paris (1992) and on Fifth Avenue in New York (1993), as well as the exhibition La corrida in the Luis Angel Arango Library in Bogota (1993). Even today, Botero seems inexhaustible. Creator of an unmistakable "race," possessor of an unlimited imagination, taster of the best classical painters, connoisseur of all the traditional crafts of painting, drawing, and sculpture, legitimate son of Colombia and Latin America, the image maker from Antioquia assures us that the problem lies not in changing but in deepening [See Volume 6, Art, p. 127-128].
 
==Timeline==
 
*'''{{Fecha|1932|link=}}''': Born in Medellín, Antioquia.
*'''{{Fecha|1936|link=}}''': His father David Botero, who would later become a recurring subject of his work, dies at the age of 40.
*'''{{Fecha|1949|link=}}''': Works as an illustrator for the newspaper El Colombiano of Medellín.
*'''{{Fecha|1950|link=}}''': Participates in the Salon of Antioquian Painters held at the Institute of Fine Arts in Medellin.
*'''{{Fecha|1951|link=}}''': First exhibition in Bogota at the Leo Matiz Art Gallery.
*'''{{Fecha|1952|link=}}''': Obtains the second prize in the IX National Artists' Salon with the painting Frente al mar (In Front of the Sea), 1952. He journeys to Europe to train as a painter.
*'''{{Fecha|1955|link=}}''': Returns to Colombia and settles in Bogotá. Exhibits at the National Library in Bogota.
*'''{{Fecha|1956|link=}}''': Travels and settles in Mexico to continue his training as a painter.
*'''{{Fecha|1957|link=}}''': Shares the second prize in painting at the X National Artists’ Salon with Alejandro Obregón and Jorge Elías Triana with Alejandro Obregón for the oil painting Contrapunto (1957).
*'''{{Fecha|1958|link=}}''': The inaugural exhibition of the Luis Angel Arango Library in Bogotá enjoys Botero's participation with Mandolina sobre una silla (Mandolin on a Chair), 1957.
**First prize in the XI National Artists’ Salon with the oil painting La camera degli sposi (Homage to Mantegna) (1958).
*'''{{Fecha|1959|link=}}''': Represents Colombia at the fifth São Paulo Biennial along with Enrique Grau, Alejandro Obregón, Eduardo Ramírez Villamizar, Armando Villegas y Guillermo Wiedemann.
*'''{{Fecha|1960|link=}}''': Guggenheim International Award for the painting Arzodiablomaquia (1960). Settles in New York.
*'''{{Fecha|1961|link=}}''': His work Monalisa a los doce años (Mona Lisa at Age Twelve), 1959, is acquired by the New York Museum of Modern Art (MoMA).
*'''{{Fecha|1962|link=}}''': Solo show at The Contemporaries in New York.
*'''{{Fecha|1964|link=}}''': Solo show at the Bogotá Museum of Modern Art (MAMBO).
*'''{{Fecha|1966|link=}}''': First solo show in Europe at Staatliche Kunsthalle from Baden Baden, Alemania.
*'''{{Fecha|1967|link=}}''': His work La familia presidencial (The Presidential Family), 1967, is acquired by the New York Museum of Modern Art (MoMA).
*'''{{Fecha|1976|link=}}''': A retrospective exhibition is held at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Caracas. The Venezuelan government awards him the Order of Andrés Bello.
*'''{{Fecha|1977|link=}}''': Obtains the Cross of Boyacá in the grade of Officer. He exhibits his sculptures for the first time at the Grand Palais in Paris. The Pedrito Botero hall in the Museum of Antioquia is inaugurated with a donation of 16 works by the artist, as a tribute to his son who died in 1974.
*'''{{Fecha|1980|link=}}''': Sets up a residence in Pietrasanta, Italia, where he produces his sculpture in bronze and marble.
*'''{{Fecha|1984|link=}}''': Donates a sculpture hall to the Museum of Antioquia in Medellín and the National Library of Colombia in Bogotá.
*'''{{Fecha|1987|link=}}''': A retrospective exhibition of his work is held at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid.
*'''{{Fecha|1992|link=}}''': Presents 32 sculptures at Champs-Elysées in Paris.
*'''{{Fecha|1993|link=}}''': Sculptures exhibited along Fifth Avenue in New York.
*Presents the exhibition La corrida at the Luis Ángel Arango Library in Bogotá.
*'''{{Fecha|1995|link=}}''': A terrorist attack targets the sculpture El pájaro (The Bird) in San Antonio Square in Medellín, killing 30 people.
*'''{{Fecha|1998|link=}}''': Presents 24 sculpture at Praça do Comércio in Lisbon.
*'''{{Fecha|2000|link=}}''': Donates 208 of his own works and his collection of international art to Banco de la República in Bogotá, thus creating the Botero Museum. A donation of 108 works is made to the Museo de Antioquia in Medellín as well. Plaza Botero in Medellín opens with 23 of his sculptures.
*'''{{Fecha|2004|link=}}''': Donates a series of works on violence called El dolor de Colombia (Colombia's Pain) to Colombia's National Museum of Bogotá.
*'''{{Fecha|2007|link=}}''': Donates the 47 works of his series Abu Ghraib (2005) to the University of California, Berkeley.
*'''{{Fecha|2012|link=}}''': Retrospective exhibition at Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City. He donates the series El Viacrucis (The Way of the Cross), 2011, to the Museo de Antioquia in Medellín.
*'''{{Fecha|2015|link=}}''': Exhibition El circo (The Circus) in Medellín.
*'''{{Fecha|2015-2016|link=}}''': Anthological exhibition at China's National Museum in Beijing and the China Art Museum in Shanghai. Exhibits the series Boterosutra (2013) at Musée Würth in Erstein, France.
*'''{{Fecha|2018|link=}}''': Exhibition El joven maestro. Botero, obra temprana (The Young Master)
*'''{{Fecha|2020|link=}}''': Botero Museum in Bogotá turns 20.
 
==Featured works==
 
*'''{{Fecha|1952|link=}}''': Frente al mar (In Front of the Sea)
**Cocos (Coconuts)
*'''{{Fecha|1957|link=}}''': Contrapunto  
*'''{{Fecha|1957|link=}}''': Contrapunto  
**Mandolina sobre una silla
**Mandolina sobre una silla: Mandolina sobre una silla (Mandolin on a Chair)
*'''{{Fecha|1958|link=}}''': La Camara degli sposi (Homenaje a Mantegna)
*'''{{Fecha|1958|link=}}''': La Camara degli sposi (Homaje to Mantegna)
*'''{{Fecha|1959|link=}}''': Monalisa a los doce años  
*'''{{Fecha|1959|link=}}''': Monalisa a los doce años (Mona Lisa at Age Twelve)
*'''{{Fecha|1960|link=}}''': Arzodiablomaquia  
*'''{{Fecha|1960|link=}}''': Arzodiablomaquia  
*'''{{Fecha|1961|link=}}''': Obispos muertos
*'''{{Fecha|1961|link=}}''': Obispos muertos (Dead Bishop)
*'''{{Fecha|1963|link=}}''': Nuestra señora de Fátima
*'''{{Fecha|1963|link=}}''': Nuestra señora de Fátima (Our Lady of Fatima)
*'''{{Fecha|1965|link=}}''': La familia Pinzón
*'''{{Fecha|1965|link=}}''': La familia Pinzón (The Pinzón Family)
*'''{{Fecha|1967|link=}}''': La familia presidencial
*'''{{Fecha|1967|link=}}''': La familia presidencial (The Presidential Family)
*'''{{Fecha|1975|link=}}''': Mano izquierda  
*'''{{Fecha|1975|link=}}''': Mano izquierda (Left Hand)
*'''{{Fecha|1978|link=}}''': El matrimonio Arnolfini
*'''{{Fecha|1978|link=}}''': El matrimonio Arnolfini (The Arnolfini Marriage)
*'''{{Fecha|1978|link=}}''': Monalisa
*'''{{Fecha|1978|link=}}''': Monalisa (Mona Lisa)
*'''{{Fecha|1988|link=}}''': La cornada
*'''{{Fecha|1988|link=}}''': La cornada (The Goring)
*'''{{Fecha|1989|link=}}''': Una familia
*'''{{Fecha|1989|link=}}''': Una familia (A Family)
**Caminando cerca al río
**Caminando cerca al río (Walking Along the River)
*'''{{Fecha|1990|link=}}''': El estudio
*'''{{Fecha|1990|link=}}''': El estudio (The Studio)
*'''{{Fecha|1995|link=}}''': Pájaro
*'''{{Fecha|1995|link=}}''': El pájaro (The Bird)
*'''{{Fecha|2000|link=}}''': Masacre de Mejor Esquina
*'''{{Fecha|2000|link=}}''': Masacre de Mejor Esquina (Mejor Esquina Massacre)
*'''{{Fecha|2005|link=}}''': serie Abu Ghraib  
*'''{{Fecha|2005|link=}}''': Abu Ghraib (series)
*'''{{Fecha|2004-2007|link=}}''': serie El circo
*'''{{Fecha|2004-2007|link=}}''': El circo (The Circus), series
*'''{{Fecha|2011|link=}}''': serie Viacrucis
*'''{{Fecha|2011|link=}}''': Viacrucis (The Way of the Cross), series
*'''{{Fecha|2013|link=}}''': serie Boterosutra
*'''{{Fecha|2013|link=}}''': Boterosutra (series)


== Museo Botero ==
==Botero Museum==


En el año 2000 Fernando Botero donó al Banco de la República una colección de arte de 208 obras, 123 de su propia autoría y 85 de renombrados artistas internacionales de los siglos XIX y XX. Con esta colección se fundó el Museo Botero, ubicado en el barrio La Candelaria, centro histórico de Bogotá, en una casona colonial que funcionó hasta 1955 como Arzobispado de la ciudad, y que fue restaurada y adecuada como museo por el Banco de la República, bajo los preceptos y la curaduría del propio maestro Botero y con el apoyo de Ana María Escallón. Desde el 1° de noviembre del 2000, la donación ha estado gratuitamente a disposición del público. El artista durante el acto inaugural del Museo Botero, expresó:
In the year 2000, Fernando Botero donated to Banco de la República an art collection of 208 works, 123 of his own and 85 by renowned international nineteenth and twentieth century artists. Botero Museum was founded with this collection in La Candelaria neighborhood, the historical center of Bogota, in a large colonial house that until 1955 was the seat of the city’s archbishop. The building was restored and adapted to the needs of the museum by Banco de la República under the precepts and curation of Master Botero himself with the support of Ana María Escallón. Since November 1, 2000, the donation has been freely available to the public. During Botero Museum’s opening ceremony, the artist declared:


''Para mí es un placer infinito saber que estas obras pertenecen hoy a Colombia; saber que los estudiantes que ingresen a esta casa, entrarán en contacto con las corrientes artísticas más importantes de nuestro tiempo, contemplando aquí permanentemente, obras originales de grandes maestros; saber que los amantes de la pintura y la escultura puedan venir a visitar este remanso de paz y pasearse tranquilamente por estas salas, dejándose inundar por la estética moderna''”<ref>Discurso inaugural por Fernando Botero, 1 de noviembre de 2000, Bogotá. https://banrepcultural.org/bogota/museo-botero/historia/discurso-inaugural-por-fernando-botero </ref>.
:::"''It brings me infinite pleasure to know that these works belong to Colombia today; to know that the students who enter this house will come into contact with the most important artistic currents of our time, contemplating here, permanently, original works of great masters; to know that the lovers of painting and sculpture can come to visit this haven of peace and walk quietly through these rooms, allowing themselves to be flooded by modern aesthetics." <ref>Opening Speech by Fernando Botero, November 1, 2000, Bogotá. https://banrepcultural.org/bogota/museo-botero/historia/discurso-inaugural-por-fernando-botero </ref>


===Historia de la casa===
===History of the house===


La sede del Museo Botero, ubicada sobre la calle 11 entre carreras 4ta y 5ta fue construida entre 1724 y 1733 para ser el Palacio Arzobispal de Santafé. Años después se levantaría junto al Palacio la Casa de Moneda, de la mano de su director Tomás Sánchez Reciente. La primera renovación del Palacio tuvo lugar entre 1788 y 1790 durante el obispado de Antonio Caballero y Góngora con el fin de ampliar la zona de la biblioteca y el espacio de la colección de arte. Aspectos notables de su arquitectura eran la presencia de una chimenea y una fuente de agua en el patio interior, aspectos exóticos que para la época colonial denotaban lujo y poder.
The headquarters of Botero Museum, located on Calle 11 between Carrera 4 and Carrera 5, was built between 1724 and 1733 to be the palace of the archbishop of Santa Fe. Years later, the Mint was built next to the palace by its director Tomás Sánchez Reciente. The first renovation of the palace took place between 1788 and 1790 during the administration of the bishop Antonio Caballero y Góngora, in order to expand the library area and the space for the art collection. Notable aspects of its architecture were the presence of a chimney and a water fountain in the interior courtyard, exotic features that in the colonial era denoted luxury and power


El palacio Arzobispal fue blanco de varios atentados en 1862 y 1886. Sin embargo, el 9 de abril de 1948, día del asesinato de Jorge Eliécer Gaitán y producto de las revueltas y los saqueos ocurridos en el centro de Bogotá, la casa fue incendiada y derrumbada por completo. El Banco de la República decidió entonces adquirir los terrenos y emprender la labor de reconstrucción del lugar partiendo de fotografías aéreas e imágenes de la fachada original. Hacia 1955 es alquilada a la Corte Suprema de Justicia, y en 1979 se convierte en la Hemeroteca Luis López de Mesa. Luego de la toma del Palacio de Justicia en noviembre de 1985, la casa vuelve a fungir como Corte Suprema de manera temporal. En la década de los noventa, la casa se transforma en área de exposiciones de arte y en oficinas para la Subgerencia Cultural del Banco de la República. En el año 2000 y tras la donación de las 208 obras de Fernando Botero, la casa fue nuevamente reformada para convertirse en la sede permanente del Museo Botero.
The archbishop's palace was the target of several attacks in 1862 and 1886. However, on April 9, 1948, the day of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán's assassination and as a result of the riots and looting that occurred in response in the center of Bogotá, the house was burned down and completely destroyed. Banco de la República then decided to acquire the land and to undertake the work of reconstructing it based on aerial photographs and images of the original facade. In 1955, it was rented to the Supreme Court of Justice, and in 1979 it became the Luis López de Mesa Newspaper Library. After the takeover of the Palace of Justice in November 1985, the house was again used as a temporary Supreme Court. In the nineties, the house was transformed into an art exhibition area and offices for the Cultural Division of Banco de la República. In the year 2000, following Fernando Botero’s donation of the 208 works, the house was again reformed to become the permanent venue of the Botero Museum.


===Colección internacional de arte===
===International art collection===


La colección internacional donada por Fernando Botero consta de 85 obras entre dibujos, acuarelas, óleos y esculturas de artistas entre finales del siglo XIX y el siglo XX de gran reconocimiento a nivel mundial las cuales se encuentran dispuestas en el costado oriental de la casa.  
The international collection donated by Fernando Botero consists of 85 artworks. These comprise drawings, watercolors, oil paintings, and sculptures by world-renown artists working in the late nineteenth century and the twentieth century. These are exhibited in the eastern side of the house.  


La primera sala del primer piso está compuesta por artistas relacionados con el impresionismo francés, como Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Gustave Caillebotte, Edgar Degas y el posimpresionista Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Pierre Bonnard y Edouard Vuillard son otros autores presentes en esta sala.
The first room on the first floor houses works of French Impressionism, including artists Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Gustave Caillebotte, Edgar Degas, and the post-Impressionist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Pierre Bonnard and Edouard Vuillard are present in the room as well.


A continuación, aparecen artistas que formaron parte del surrealismo, cubismo o expresionismo alemán, vanguardias de principios del siglo XX, donde se destacan nombres como Salvador Dalí, Pablo Picasso, Max Beckmann, Georges Braque, Alberto Giacometti y Joan Miró. El siguiente espacio está compuesto por dibujos y acuarelas de George Grosz, Henri Matisse, Gustav Klimt, Sonia Delaunay, Balthus, Lucian Freud, entre otros.  
Next come Surrealist, Cubist, or German Expressionist artists, representatives of the avant-garde of the early twentieth century. Here we find the likes of Salvador Dalí, Pablo Picasso, Max Beckmann, Georges Braque, Alberto Giacometti, and Joan Miró. The following space is composed of drawings and watercolors by George Grosz, Henri Matisse, Gustav Klimt, Sonia Delaunay, Balthus, and Lucian Freud, among others.  


En el segundo piso aparecen vanguardias americanas posteriores incluyendo el expresionismo abstracto de Robert Rauschenberg y Willem de Kooning, además de obras de Francis Bacon y Antoni Tàpies. También son exhibidos algunos artistas latinoamericanos como Wifredo Lam, Roberto Matta, Joaquín Torres García y Rufino Tamayo.
On the second floor, later American avant-garde movements appear, including works of Abstract Expressionism by Robert Rauschenberg and Willem de Kooning, as well as works by Francis Bacon and Antoni Tàpies. Some Latin American artists such as Wifredo Lam, Roberto Matta, Joaquín Torres García, and Rufino Tamayo are also exhibited


La última sala de colección internacional contiene esculturas de varios artistas, desde Marx Ernst, Henry Moore, hasta Alexander Calder y Henry Laurens.
The last international collection room contains sculptures by various artists, from Marx Ernst, to Henry Moore, Alexander Calder, and Henry Laurens.
Colección de obras realizadas por Fernando Botero


Las 123 obras de Botero se caracterizan por pertenecer a un periodo artístico que va desde la década de los setenta hasta finales de los noventa, donde el artista evidencia que su estilo volumétrico y monumental se encuentra completamente consolidado. De igual manera se observa la variedad de temas que ha abordado en su trayectoria, como por ejemplo la familia latinoamericana en las obras Una familia (1989), Maternidad (s.f) y Hombre, mujer y niño (s.f), la religión católica en pinturas como Caminando cerca al río (1989), Madre superiora (1996), y las esculturas Adán (s.f) y Eva (s.f) y la violencia en las pinturas Guerrilla de Eliseo Velásquez (1988) o Manuel Marulanda "''Tiro Fijo''" (1999). También están presentes obras que relatan su vida familiar y personal como Hombre a caballo (1994), Retrato de mi madre (1990) y Pedrito (1997), además de sus acostumbradas naturalezas muertas y sus homenajes a grandes artistas de la historia del arte occidental, a través de las pinturas Monalisa (1978), El estudio (1990) y Maribárbola (1984).  
The 123 works by Botero belong to an artistic period that goes from the seventies to the end of the nineties, with the artist’s volumetric and monumental style completely consolidated. The collection presents the variety of themes that he has addressed throughout his career, such as the Latin American family in the works Una familia (A Family), 1989, Maternidad (Maternity), n.d., and Hombre, mujer y niño, (Man, Woman, and Child) n.d; Catholicism in paintings such as Caminando cerca al río (Walking Along the River), 1989, Madre superiora (Mother Superior), 1996, and the sculptures Adán (Adam), n.d., and Eva (Eve), n.d.; and violence in the paintings Guerrilla de Eliseo Velásquez (Eliseo Velásquez’s Guerrilla), 1988, and Manuel Marulanda "Tiro Fijo" (1999). Also present are works that relate to his family and personal life such as Hombre a caballo (Man on Horse), 1994, Retrato de mi madre (Portrait of my Mother), 1990, and Pedrito (1997), in addition to his usual still lifes and his tributes to great artists in the history of Western art, through the paintings Monalisa (Mona Lisa), 1978, El studio (The Study), 1990, and Maribárbola (1984).  


Las obras de Fernando Botero son exhibidas en el costado opuesto de la casa, es decir el costado occidental, dispuestas de acuerdo al tamaño y a la técnica, motivo por el cual aparecen salas de óleo a gran formato, salas de dibujo, acuarela y pastel, una sala de obras en formato pequeño y una sala de esculturas en bronce y mármol. El Museo Botero hace parte de la Manzana Cultural del Banco de la República, por lo cual se conecta con el Museo de Arte Miguel Urrutia y con el Museo Casa de Moneda.
Fernando Botero's works are exhibited on the opposite side of the house, the western side, arranged according to size and technique, which is why there are rooms for large format oil painting, drawing, watercolor, and pastel, a room with small format works, and a room with bronze and marble sculptures. Botero Museum is part of Banco de la República Cultural City Block and is thus connected to the Miguel Urrutia Art Museum and the Mint Museum.


==Obras de Fernando Botero en las Colecciones del Banco de la República==
==Works by Fernando Botero in the collections of Banco de la República==


{|class="wikitable" border="0" style="background:#ffffff; width: 90%" align="top"  
{|class="wikitable" border="0" style="background:#ffffff; width: 90%" align="top"
|+ align="center" style="background:DarkSlateBlue; color:white"|<big>'''Obras de Oscar Muñoz en la Colección de Arte del Banco de la República'''</big>
|+ align="center" style="background:DarkSlateBlue; color:white"|<big>'''4.1. Works by Fernando Botero in the collections of Banco de la República'''</big>
! width="300 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Título
! width="300 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Title
! width="40 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Año
! width="40 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Year
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Ubicación
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Location
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Denominación
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Technique
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Registro
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Registration number
|-
|-
||Cocos
||Cocos (Coconuts)
||1952
||1952
||Reserva
||Reserve
||Pintura
||Painting
||AP5321
||AP5321
|-
|-
||Mandolina sobre una silla
||Mandolina sobre una silla (Mandolin on a Chair)
||1957
||1957
||EN EXHIBICIÓN
||EXHIBITED
Bogotá, Centro Cultural de Bogotá, Museo de Arte Miguel Urrutia (MAMU), Exposición Permanente de la Colección de Arte, Clásicos, experimentales y radicales
Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Miguel Urrutia Art Museum (MAMU), Permanent Exhibition of the Art Collection, Classics, Experimentals, and Radicals
||Pintura
||Painting
||AP0001
||AP0001
|-
|-
||Monalisa
||Monalisa (Mona Lisa)
||1978
||1978
||EN EXHIBICIÓN Bogotá, Centro Cultural de Bogotá, Museo Botero
||EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum
||Pintura
||Painting
||AP3380
||AP3380
|-
|-
||Mano izquierda
||Mano izquierda (Left Hand)
||1975
||1975
||EN EXHIBICIÓN Bogotá, Centro Cultural de Bogotá, Museo Botero
||EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum
||Escultura
||Sculpture
||AP3347
||AP3347
|-
|-
||Pareja bailando
||Pareja bailando (Dancing Couple)
||1987
||1987
||EN EXHIBICIÓN Bogotá, Centro Cultural de Bogotá, Museo Botero
||EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum
||Pintura
||Painting
||AP3218
||AP3218
|-
|-
||Una familia
||Una familia (A Family)
||1989
||1989
||EN EXHIBICIÓN Bogotá, Centro Cultural de Bogotá, Museo Botero
||EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum
||Pintura
||Painting
||AP3336
||AP3336
|-
|-
||Caminando cerca al río
||Caminando cerca al río (Walking Along the River)
||1989
||1989
||EN EXHIBICIÓN Bogotá, Centro Cultural de Bogotá, Museo Botero
||EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum
||Pintura
||Painting
||AP3217
||AP3217
|-
|-
||El estudio
||El estudio (The Studio)
||1990
||1990
||EN EXHIBICIÓN Bogotá, Centro Cultural de Bogotá, Museo Botero
||EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum
||Pintura
||Painting
||AP3222
||AP3222
|-
|-
||Masacre de Mejor Esquina
||Masacre de Mejor Esquina (Mejor Esquina Massacre)
||2000
||2000
||EN EXHIBICIÓN Bogotá, Centro Cultural de Bogotá, Museo Botero
||EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum
||Pintura
||Painting
||AP3388
||AP3388
|-
|-
||Venus dormida
||(Sleeping Venus)
||Sin fecha
||No date
||EN EXHIBICIÓN Bogotá, Centro Cultural de Bogotá, Museo Botero
||EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum
||Escultura
||Sculpture
||AP3338
||AP3338
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Véase también==
==See also==


* [[Alejandro Obregón]]
* [[Alejandro Obregón]]
* [[Museo Botero]]
* [[Museo Botero]]
* [[Doris Salcedo]]
* [[Doris Salcedo]]
* [[Colección de Arte del Banco de la República]]
* [https://enciclopedia.banrepcultural.org/index.php?title=Colecci%C3%B3n_de_Arte_del_Banco_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica Banco de la República’s collection of art]
* [[Beatriz González]]
* [[Beatriz González]]


==Obras de Fernando Botero en la Colección de Arte del Banco de la República==
==Banco de la República art collection==


Explora las obras de Fernando Botero [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/artista/fernando-botero en la Colección de Arte]
Explore the works of Fernando Botero
[https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/artista/fernando-botero en la Colección de Arte]


==Referencias==
==Referencias==
{{listaref}}
{{listaref}}


==Bibliografía==
==Bibliography==


*Arciniegas, G. (1979). Fernando Botero. Madrid: Edilerner Internacional.
*Arciniegas, G. (1979). Fernando Botero. Madrid, Edilerner Internacional.
*Botero, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo, Caracas, 1976, texto: Michel Lancelot. CABALLERO BONALD, JOSÉ MARÍA.
*Botero, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo, Caracas, 1976, text: Michel Lancelot. CABALLERO BONALD, JOSÉ MARÍA.
*Botero, La Corrida. (1989). Barcelona, Lerner y Lerner.
*Botero, La Corrida. (1989). Barcelona, Lerner y Lerner.
*Escallon, A,M.,y Calderón, C. BOTERO. La Corrida. Bogotá, Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango, 1993.
*Escallon, A,M., and Calderón, C. BOTERO. La Corrida. Bogotá, Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango, 1993.
*Fernando Botero. Pinturas, dibujos, esculturas, Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, 1987. LASCAULT, GILBERT. Botero, la pintura. Barcelona, Lerner y Leiner, 1992.
*Fernando Botero. Pinturas, dibujos, esculturas, Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, 1987. LASCAULT, GILBERT. Botero, la pintura. Barcelona, Lerner y Lerner, 1992.
*MCcabe, Cynthia Jaffee. Fernando Botero. Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979. MEDINA, ALVARO. "''Botero encuentra a Botero''". En: Procesos del arte en Colombia. Bogotá, Colcultura, 1978.
*MCcabe, Cynthia Jaffee. Fernando Botero. Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979. MEDINA, ALVARO. "Botero encuentra a Botero," published in Procesos del arte en Colombia. Bogotá, Colcultura, 1978.
*Paquet, M. (1992). Botero, filosofía de la creación. Bélgica, Lanoo, Tielt, 1985 y Mallard Press.
*Panesso, F. (1975). Los intocables. Bogotá, Ediciones Alcaraván.
*Ratcliff, C. (1980). Botero. Nueva York: Abbeville Press.
*Paquet, M. (1992). Botero, filosofía de la creación. Bélgica, Lanoo, Tielt, 1985, and Mallard Press.
*Rios, K. (2002). El Museo Botero. Obtenido de Banrepcultural: https://www.banrepcultural.org/bogota/museo-botero/historia
*Ratcliff, C. (1980). Botero. New York, Abbeville Press.
*Rubiano, Germán. (1975). "''La figuración tradicionalista''". En: Historia del arte colombiano. Barcelona: Salvat Editores.
*Rios, K. (2002). El Museo Botero. Accessed at: https://www.banrepcultural.org/bogota/museo-botero/historia
*Sullivan, Edward. (1986). Botero. Sculpture. Nueva York: Abbeville Press.
*Rubiano, Germán. (1975). "La figuración tradicionalista," published in Historia del arte colombiano. Barcelona, Salvat Editores.
*Traba, M. (1963). Seis artistas contemporáneos colombianos. Bogotá: Antares.
*Sullivan, Edward. (1986). Botero. Sculpture. New York, Abbeville Press.
*Traba, M. (1974). "''Las dos líneas extremas de la pintura colombiana: Botero y Ramírez Villamizar''". En: Historia abierta del arte colombiano. Cali: Museo de Arte Moderno La Tertulia.*
*Traba, M. (1963). Seis artistas contemporáneos colombianos. Bogotá, Antares.
*Traba, M. (1974). "Las dos líneas extremas de la pintura colombiana: Botero y Ramírez Villamizar," published in Historia abierta del arte colombiano. Cali, La Tertulia Museum of Modern Art.*
 
==Related links in Banrepcutural==


==Enlaces relacionados en Banrepcutural==
# [https://banrepcultural.org/bogota/museo-botero/linea-tiempo/] Interactive timeline of the life of Fernando Botero
# [https://banrepcultural.org/bogota/museo-botero/linea-tiempo/] Línea de tiempo interactiva de la vida de Fernando Botero
# [http://ticuna.banrep.gov.co:8080/cgi-bin/abnetclwo20?ACC=DOSEARCH&xsqf10=(Fernando%20Botero)] Consult the list of materials available at the Luis Ángel Arango Library.
# [http://ticuna.banrep.gov.co:8080/cgi-bin/abnetclwo20?ACC=DOSEARCH&xsqf10=(Fernando%20Botero)] Consulte el listado de la materiales disponibles en la Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango.
# [http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/todaslasartes/procesos/cap34.htm] Read the review "'' Botero meets Botero ''", published in the book "'' Processes of art in Colombia ''".
# [http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/todaslasartes/procesos/cap34.htm] Lea el artículo "''Botero encuentra a Botero''", publicado en el libro "''Procesos del arte en Colombia''".
# [http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/todaslasartes/colbo/indice.htm] Read the book "'' Botero Collection in the first person singular ''".
# [http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/todaslasartes/colbo/indice.htm] Lea el libro "''Colección Botero en primera persona del singular''".
# [http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/todaslasartes/ferbo/indice.htm] Consult the book "'' Fernando Botero, painting as a world ''".
# [http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/todaslasartes/ferbo/indice.htm] Consulte el libro "''Fernando Botero, la pintura como mundo''".
# [http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/literatura/oficio/oficio28.htm] Read the review "'' Botero's fan ''", written by Hernando Valencia Goelkel.
# [http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/literatura/oficio/oficio28.htm] Lea la reseña "''El abanico de Botero''", escrita por Hernando Valencia Goelkel.
# [http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/marzo1999/111lacorrida.htm] Read the review "'' La corrida ''", written by Darío Jaramillo Agudelo for the magazine Credencial Historia.
# [http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/marzo1999/111lacorrida.htm] Lea la crítica de "''La corrida''", escrita por Darío Jaramillo Agudelo para la revista Credencial Historia.


==Créditos==
==Credits==


1. Investigación y texto: María Clara Martínez Rivera y Mónica Piragauta Roldán, mediadora de los Museos y colecciones del Banco de la República, para Banrepcultural.  
1.Research and text: María Clara Martínez Rivera and Mónica Piragauta Roldán, mediator of the museums and collections of the Banco de la República, for Banrepcultural.  


2.Revisión y edición de textos: Inti Camila Romero Estrada y Diana Marcela Salas Solorzano…Servicios al Público y Educativos, Unidad de Arte y Otras Colecciones (UAOC)
2.Proofreading and editing: Inti Camila Romero Estrada and Diana Marcela Salas Solorzano, Public and Educational Services, Art and Other Collections Unit (UAOC).




[[Categoría:Artista]][[Categoría:Pintor]][[Categoría:Dibujante]][[Categoría:Escultor]][[Categoría:Hombre]][[Categoría:Nacidos en Colombia]]
[[Categoría:Artista]][[Categoría:Pintor]][[Categoría:Dibujante]][[Categoría:Escultor]][[Categoría:Hombre]][[Categoría:Nacidos en Colombia]]
{{RelacionesBanrepcultural}}
{{RelacionesBanrepcultural}}

Revisión actual - 13:46 21 sep 2021

Otros idiomas:
Fernando Botero
Error al crear miniatura: Falta archivo
Datos generales
Nombre Fernando Botero Angulo
Fecha de nacimiento 19 de abril de 1932
Nacionalidad Colombiana Bandera de Colombia }}
Ocupación Pintor, dibujante y escultor
Bachillerato Colegio de Jesuitas de Bolívar
País de nacimiento Colombia, Bandera de Colombia }}
Ciudad de nacimiento Medellín
Familia David Botero Mejía (Padre), Flora Angulo de Botero (Madre), Juan David (Hermano), Rodrigo (Hermano), Fernando Botero Zea (hijo), Lina Botero Zea (Hija), Juan Carlos Botero Zea (Hijo), Pedrito Botero Zambrano (Hijo)


Fernando Botero is a Colombian artist that has produced paintings, drawings, and sculptures, born in Medellin on April 19, 1932. Botero is one of the most recognized plastic artists in Colombia in recent decades. His vast work, now fully consolidated, his deliberate dislike for contemporary art and his extensive knowledge of the history of classical painting make Botero an exceptional artist in the country and the rest of Latin America. His paintings and drawings are highly personal works that in no way can be confused with the various international figurative positions of recent years. His art is, to some extent, retrograde and provincial. It depends more on the art of the great masters, on popular art, on the pre-Columbian tradition, on the imagery of the colonial period of Latin America, than on any figurative "ism".

Biography

Born in Medellín on April 19, 1932, Botero was the second of three children of David Botero Mejía, a businessman, and Flora Angulo de Botero, a seamstress. His older brother Juan David had been born four years earlier, and his younger brother Rodrigo was born in 1936, the same year his father died.

In 1938 Botero began his primary education and continued his secondary education at the Bolívar Jesuit School.

In 1948, at the age of 16, he published his first illustrations in the Sunday magazine of El Colombiano, one of the most important newspapers in Medellín. After finishing his high school studies in 1950, he moved to Bogotá in 1951.

In 1955 he married the cultural manager Gloria Zea, with whom he had three children: Fernando, Lina, and Juan Carlos. The latter was born in 1960, the same year Botero separated from his first wife.

In 1964 he married for the second time with Cecilia Zambrano, with whom he had his fourth child: Pedrito, born in 1970. In 1974, when he was but four years old, the boy died in a family traffic accident in Spain. The marriage did not overcome the loss of the child and Botero separated for the second time.

In 1973, he settled in Paris, where he met the Greek sculptor and painter Sophia Vari, whom he married in 1978. He now lives between Paris, Pietrasanta, and New York.

Error al crear miniatura: Falta archivo
Portrait of Botero. Photo: Hernán Díaz

Artistic career

Botero's first known works are drawings: the illustrations for the literary supplement of the El Colombiano newspaper in Medellín. In 1951, after moving to Bogotá, he had his first individual exhibition at the Leo Matiz gallery, presenting watercolors, gouaches, ink drawings, and oils. With the sales of some of his works exhibited on that occasion, he settled in Tolú. On his return to the capital, he exhibited again, this time with more success. At the IX National Artists’ Salon, held in 1952, Botero won second prize in oil painting with “Frente al mar” (In Front of the Sea). He was 20 years old at the time and decided to travel to Europe. He spent a short time at the San Fernando Academy in Madrid and then at the San Marco Academy in Florence, where he took classes on the art of the Italian Quattrocento with Roberto Longhi.

He remained in Europe until 1955. Of these years in Europe, Botero has commented: "I actually consider myself self-taught. I worked for three years in fine arts schools, but practically never had a teacher. I learned by reading, going at museums, and above all painting."

In 1956 he traveled to Mexico, then to Washington and New York. On his return to Colombia in 1957, his oil painting Contrapunto he shared the second prize in painting at the X National Artists’ Salon with Alejandro Obregón and Jorge Elías Triana. In 1958, he won the first prize in the XI National Artists’ Salon, with the oil painting La camera degli sposi (Homage to Mantegna). Since then, Botero's dealings with the great masters of the past and with a few modern ones have been constant. Botero strove to—and indeed did—paint and draw like the best. In pursuit of this aim he not only visited the museums and methodically studied techniques and procedures but also worked long hours. This familiarity with and admiration for art since the Renaissance explains the charcoal work Dinner with Ingres and Piero della Francesca (1972), in which Botero sits at the table with the French Neoclassical painter and the great Italian painter of the Quattrocento.

But although Botero has taken a seat at the table with European masters thanks to his talent, commitment, and hard work, Botero continues to be an artist from Latin America, from Colombia, and even from Medellin: "Many artists believe that art becomes universal if you copy universally. I don't think so. I think you have to be honest with yourself, and by being honest you can reach people all over the world [...] I am the most Colombian of Colombian artists, even though I have lived outside of Colombia for so long, since 1960 [...] In a way, I paint Colombia the way I want it to be, but it is not really like that. It is an imaginary Colombia that both is and is not the same as the true Colombia.” In 1961, he moved to New York, where he worked for twelve years. He then settled in Paris. Nevertheless, Botero is a true representative of Latin American art not only because of his themes of nuns, prelates, military men, brothels, villages with simple houses, and still lifes with tropical fruits, but also because of his magical realism.

Botero stated in 1967: "I am a protest against modern painting and yet I use what is hidden behind its back, playing ironically with everything that is absolutely known to everyone. I paint figuratively and realistically, but not in the flat sense of fidelity to nature. I never give a brushstroke that does not describe something real: a mouth, a hill, a pitcher, a tree. But what I describe is a reality found by me. It could be formulated in this way: I describe realistically an unrealistic reality.” Tracy Atkinson, one of several foreign critics who have discussed Botero’s work, wrote, "Botero’s world is people in a broad sense. A repertoire that is generally absurd and a bit pathetic. But the warmth and sympathy of its treatment saves it from its ugliness and makes it instantly unforgettable. The artist’s attitude is so intense and consistent that it reaches into all things”.

In Botero’s paintings are figures encircled by lines. Even in his Expressionist phase, we see vehement strokes that define the representation. His oeuvre contains large format drawings, many on canvas. Undoubtedly, Botero gives special importance to drawing.

His is a world suffering from gigantism, but full of innocence and the best of attitudes. Behind this theme appears the quality of the painting itself, which is exceptional from the point of view of the craft. Botero's paintings are, above all, paintings of great beauty. The artist has chosen a traditional manner of painting, but this is so transformed by his personal vision that it becomes unique and very original. He works from a known and well-remembered world, but in it many wonderful things arise and take place: the composition of eight prelates piled up on top of each other like the fruits in a still life in the oil painting Obispos Muertos (Dead Bishops), 1965; the disproportion between the tiny first lady and the military giant, with a tiny cup, from the oil painting Dictador tomando chocolate (Dictator Drinking Hot Chocolate), 1969; or the presence of a snake and a crocodile on the floor of the room in the oil painting Familia con animales colombianos (Family with Colombian Animals), 1970. The catalog of Botero's exhibition, organized by the Hirshhorn Museum in Washington in 1979, divided his works into six categories: 1) religion: Madonnas, saints, devils, cardinals, bishops, nuncios, mothers superior, nuns; 2) masters of art history: various interpretations of works by Jan van Eyck, Masaccio, Paolo Uccello, Andrea Mantegna, Leonardo da Vinci, Lucas Cranach, Albrecht Dürer, Caravaggio, El Greco, Diego Velázquez, Francisco de Zurbarán, Juan Sánchez Cotán, Georges de la Tour, etc.; 3) still and moving lifes: animals, especially in the sculptures of recent years; 4) nudes and sexual manners: particularly whorehouse scenes; 5) politicians, presidents, first ladies, military men; and 6) real and imaginary people: the cyclist Ramon Hoyos, art dealers, members of his family, numerous self-portraits, and many anonymous characters who pose, eat, dance or ride horses.

Among the imaginary people are the bullfighters and many other characters from that world, a recurring theme in Botero's work since the early eighties, as seen in his Flamenco tablaos. According to Simón Alberto Consalvi, "Botero's bullfighting is a confession: an exercise in nostalgia and, finally, a celebration of great bulls, brave matadors, Bourbon horsemen, suicide horses, and celebratory muses." But the raucous celebration cannot be understood without the presence of death, and Botero knows this well; he has produced works such as Toro muriendo (Dying Bull), oil, 1985 and Muerte de Ramón Torres (Death of Ramón Torres), oil, 1986, in which the winner is a skeleton wielding a sword while riding the animal. Since 1976, Botero has combined his work in painting and drawing with sculpture.

In 1977, he exhibited his sculptures for the first time at the Grand Palais in Paris. Including some previous works made with acrylic paste that date back to the early sixties, Botero today has an abundant three-dimensional oeuvre, especially in bronze and marble. Reading the artist's own texts that comment on his sculptures, one can easily understand the archaization that characterizes of all his three-dimensional works. Botero speaks, for example, of again confronting the problem of seeking the spirit of colonial sculpture, within traditional materials such as bronze or marble, with roots in pre-Columbian art and taking inspiration from popular Mexican art pieces.

It cannot be denied that in the best workshops of Pietrasanta in Tuscany, Italy, Botero has produced sculptures of a remarkably high quality, especially when he has enlarged a fragment of the human body or created an absurd contrast between two figures or parts of a body. Botero has received recognition, such as the exhibition of his sculptures in the Champs Elysees in Paris (1992) and on Fifth Avenue in New York (1993), as well as the exhibition La corrida in the Luis Angel Arango Library in Bogota (1993). Even today, Botero seems inexhaustible. Creator of an unmistakable "race," possessor of an unlimited imagination, taster of the best classical painters, connoisseur of all the traditional crafts of painting, drawing, and sculpture, legitimate son of Colombia and Latin America, the image maker from Antioquia assures us that the problem lies not in changing but in deepening [See Volume 6, Art, p. 127-128].

Timeline

  • 1932: Born in Medellín, Antioquia.
  • 1936: His father David Botero, who would later become a recurring subject of his work, dies at the age of 40.
  • 1949: Works as an illustrator for the newspaper El Colombiano of Medellín.
  • 1950: Participates in the Salon of Antioquian Painters held at the Institute of Fine Arts in Medellin.
  • 1951: First exhibition in Bogota at the Leo Matiz Art Gallery.
  • 1952: Obtains the second prize in the IX National Artists' Salon with the painting Frente al mar (In Front of the Sea), 1952. He journeys to Europe to train as a painter.
  • 1955: Returns to Colombia and settles in Bogotá. Exhibits at the National Library in Bogota.
  • 1956: Travels and settles in Mexico to continue his training as a painter.
  • 1957: Shares the second prize in painting at the X National Artists’ Salon with Alejandro Obregón and Jorge Elías Triana with Alejandro Obregón for the oil painting Contrapunto (1957).
  • 1958: The inaugural exhibition of the Luis Angel Arango Library in Bogotá enjoys Botero's participation with Mandolina sobre una silla (Mandolin on a Chair), 1957.
    • First prize in the XI National Artists’ Salon with the oil painting La camera degli sposi (Homage to Mantegna) (1958).
  • 1959: Represents Colombia at the fifth São Paulo Biennial along with Enrique Grau, Alejandro Obregón, Eduardo Ramírez Villamizar, Armando Villegas y Guillermo Wiedemann.
  • 1960: Guggenheim International Award for the painting Arzodiablomaquia (1960). Settles in New York.
  • 1961: His work Monalisa a los doce años (Mona Lisa at Age Twelve), 1959, is acquired by the New York Museum of Modern Art (MoMA).
  • 1962: Solo show at The Contemporaries in New York.
  • 1964: Solo show at the Bogotá Museum of Modern Art (MAMBO).
  • 1966: First solo show in Europe at Staatliche Kunsthalle from Baden Baden, Alemania.
  • 1967: His work La familia presidencial (The Presidential Family), 1967, is acquired by the New York Museum of Modern Art (MoMA).
  • 1976: A retrospective exhibition is held at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Caracas. The Venezuelan government awards him the Order of Andrés Bello.
  • 1977: Obtains the Cross of Boyacá in the grade of Officer. He exhibits his sculptures for the first time at the Grand Palais in Paris. The Pedrito Botero hall in the Museum of Antioquia is inaugurated with a donation of 16 works by the artist, as a tribute to his son who died in 1974.
  • 1980: Sets up a residence in Pietrasanta, Italia, where he produces his sculpture in bronze and marble.
  • 1984: Donates a sculpture hall to the Museum of Antioquia in Medellín and the National Library of Colombia in Bogotá.
  • 1987: A retrospective exhibition of his work is held at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid.
  • 1992: Presents 32 sculptures at Champs-Elysées in Paris.
  • 1993: Sculptures exhibited along Fifth Avenue in New York.
  • Presents the exhibition La corrida at the Luis Ángel Arango Library in Bogotá.
  • 1995: A terrorist attack targets the sculpture El pájaro (The Bird) in San Antonio Square in Medellín, killing 30 people.
  • 1998: Presents 24 sculpture at Praça do Comércio in Lisbon.
  • 2000: Donates 208 of his own works and his collection of international art to Banco de la República in Bogotá, thus creating the Botero Museum. A donation of 108 works is made to the Museo de Antioquia in Medellín as well. Plaza Botero in Medellín opens with 23 of his sculptures.
  • 2004: Donates a series of works on violence called El dolor de Colombia (Colombia's Pain) to Colombia's National Museum of Bogotá.
  • 2007: Donates the 47 works of his series Abu Ghraib (2005) to the University of California, Berkeley.
  • 2012: Retrospective exhibition at Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City. He donates the series El Viacrucis (The Way of the Cross), 2011, to the Museo de Antioquia in Medellín.
  • 2015: Exhibition El circo (The Circus) in Medellín.
  • 2015-2016: Anthological exhibition at China's National Museum in Beijing and the China Art Museum in Shanghai. Exhibits the series Boterosutra (2013) at Musée Würth in Erstein, France.
  • 2018: Exhibition El joven maestro. Botero, obra temprana (The Young Master)
  • 2020: Botero Museum in Bogotá turns 20.

Featured works

  • 1952: Frente al mar (In Front of the Sea)
    • Cocos (Coconuts)
  • 1957: Contrapunto
    • Mandolina sobre una silla: Mandolina sobre una silla (Mandolin on a Chair)
  • 1958: La Camara degli sposi (Homaje to Mantegna)
  • 1959: Monalisa a los doce años (Mona Lisa at Age Twelve)
  • 1960: Arzodiablomaquia
  • 1961: Obispos muertos (Dead Bishop)
  • 1963: Nuestra señora de Fátima (Our Lady of Fatima)
  • 1965: La familia Pinzón (The Pinzón Family)
  • 1967: La familia presidencial (The Presidential Family)
  • 1975: Mano izquierda (Left Hand)
  • 1978: El matrimonio Arnolfini (The Arnolfini Marriage)
  • 1978: Monalisa (Mona Lisa)
  • 1988: La cornada (The Goring)
  • 1989: Una familia (A Family)
    • Caminando cerca al río (Walking Along the River)
  • 1990: El estudio (The Studio)
  • 1995: El pájaro (The Bird)
  • 2000: Masacre de Mejor Esquina (Mejor Esquina Massacre)
  • 2005: Abu Ghraib (series)
  • 2004-2007: El circo (The Circus), series
  • 2011: Viacrucis (The Way of the Cross), series
  • 2013: Boterosutra (series)

Botero Museum

In the year 2000, Fernando Botero donated to Banco de la República an art collection of 208 works, 123 of his own and 85 by renowned international nineteenth and twentieth century artists. Botero Museum was founded with this collection in La Candelaria neighborhood, the historical center of Bogota, in a large colonial house that until 1955 was the seat of the city’s archbishop. The building was restored and adapted to the needs of the museum by Banco de la República under the precepts and curation of Master Botero himself with the support of Ana María Escallón. Since November 1, 2000, the donation has been freely available to the public. During Botero Museum’s opening ceremony, the artist declared:

"It brings me infinite pleasure to know that these works belong to Colombia today; to know that the students who enter this house will come into contact with the most important artistic currents of our time, contemplating here, permanently, original works of great masters; to know that the lovers of painting and sculpture can come to visit this haven of peace and walk quietly through these rooms, allowing themselves to be flooded by modern aesthetics." [1]

History of the house

The headquarters of Botero Museum, located on Calle 11 between Carrera 4 and Carrera 5, was built between 1724 and 1733 to be the palace of the archbishop of Santa Fe. Years later, the Mint was built next to the palace by its director Tomás Sánchez Reciente. The first renovation of the palace took place between 1788 and 1790 during the administration of the bishop Antonio Caballero y Góngora, in order to expand the library area and the space for the art collection. Notable aspects of its architecture were the presence of a chimney and a water fountain in the interior courtyard, exotic features that in the colonial era denoted luxury and power

The archbishop's palace was the target of several attacks in 1862 and 1886. However, on April 9, 1948, the day of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán's assassination and as a result of the riots and looting that occurred in response in the center of Bogotá, the house was burned down and completely destroyed. Banco de la República then decided to acquire the land and to undertake the work of reconstructing it based on aerial photographs and images of the original facade. In 1955, it was rented to the Supreme Court of Justice, and in 1979 it became the Luis López de Mesa Newspaper Library. After the takeover of the Palace of Justice in November 1985, the house was again used as a temporary Supreme Court. In the nineties, the house was transformed into an art exhibition area and offices for the Cultural Division of Banco de la República. In the year 2000, following Fernando Botero’s donation of the 208 works, the house was again reformed to become the permanent venue of the Botero Museum.

International art collection

The international collection donated by Fernando Botero consists of 85 artworks. These comprise drawings, watercolors, oil paintings, and sculptures by world-renown artists working in the late nineteenth century and the twentieth century. These are exhibited in the eastern side of the house.

The first room on the first floor houses works of French Impressionism, including artists Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Gustave Caillebotte, Edgar Degas, and the post-Impressionist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Pierre Bonnard and Edouard Vuillard are present in the room as well.

Next come Surrealist, Cubist, or German Expressionist artists, representatives of the avant-garde of the early twentieth century. Here we find the likes of Salvador Dalí, Pablo Picasso, Max Beckmann, Georges Braque, Alberto Giacometti, and Joan Miró. The following space is composed of drawings and watercolors by George Grosz, Henri Matisse, Gustav Klimt, Sonia Delaunay, Balthus, and Lucian Freud, among others.

On the second floor, later American avant-garde movements appear, including works of Abstract Expressionism by Robert Rauschenberg and Willem de Kooning, as well as works by Francis Bacon and Antoni Tàpies. Some Latin American artists such as Wifredo Lam, Roberto Matta, Joaquín Torres García, and Rufino Tamayo are also exhibited

The last international collection room contains sculptures by various artists, from Marx Ernst, to Henry Moore, Alexander Calder, and Henry Laurens.

The 123 works by Botero belong to an artistic period that goes from the seventies to the end of the nineties, with the artist’s volumetric and monumental style completely consolidated. The collection presents the variety of themes that he has addressed throughout his career, such as the Latin American family in the works Una familia (A Family), 1989, Maternidad (Maternity), n.d., and Hombre, mujer y niño, (Man, Woman, and Child) n.d; Catholicism in paintings such as Caminando cerca al río (Walking Along the River), 1989, Madre superiora (Mother Superior), 1996, and the sculptures Adán (Adam), n.d., and Eva (Eve), n.d.; and violence in the paintings Guerrilla de Eliseo Velásquez (Eliseo Velásquez’s Guerrilla), 1988, and Manuel Marulanda "Tiro Fijo" (1999). Also present are works that relate to his family and personal life such as Hombre a caballo (Man on Horse), 1994, Retrato de mi madre (Portrait of my Mother), 1990, and Pedrito (1997), in addition to his usual still lifes and his tributes to great artists in the history of Western art, through the paintings Monalisa (Mona Lisa), 1978, El studio (The Study), 1990, and Maribárbola (1984).

Fernando Botero's works are exhibited on the opposite side of the house, the western side, arranged according to size and technique, which is why there are rooms for large format oil painting, drawing, watercolor, and pastel, a room with small format works, and a room with bronze and marble sculptures. Botero Museum is part of Banco de la República Cultural City Block and is thus connected to the Miguel Urrutia Art Museum and the Mint Museum.

Works by Fernando Botero in the collections of Banco de la República

4.1. Works by Fernando Botero in the collections of Banco de la República
Title Year Location Technique Registration number
Cocos (Coconuts) 1952 Reserve Painting AP5321
Mandolina sobre una silla (Mandolin on a Chair) 1957 EXHIBITED

Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Miguel Urrutia Art Museum (MAMU), Permanent Exhibition of the Art Collection, Classics, Experimentals, and Radicals

Painting AP0001
Monalisa (Mona Lisa) 1978 EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum Painting AP3380
Mano izquierda (Left Hand) 1975 EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum Sculpture AP3347
Pareja bailando (Dancing Couple) 1987 EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum Painting AP3218
Una familia (A Family) 1989 EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum Painting AP3336
Caminando cerca al río (Walking Along the River) 1989 EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum Painting AP3217
El estudio (The Studio) 1990 EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum Painting AP3222
Masacre de Mejor Esquina (Mejor Esquina Massacre) 2000 EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum Painting AP3388
(Sleeping Venus) No date EXHIBITED Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Botero Museum Sculpture AP3338

See also

Banco de la República art collection

Explore the works of Fernando Botero en la Colección de Arte

Referencias

  1. Opening Speech by Fernando Botero, November 1, 2000, Bogotá. https://banrepcultural.org/bogota/museo-botero/historia/discurso-inaugural-por-fernando-botero

Bibliography

  • Arciniegas, G. (1979). Fernando Botero. Madrid, Edilerner Internacional.
  • Botero, Museo de Arte Contemporáneo, Caracas, 1976, text: Michel Lancelot. CABALLERO BONALD, JOSÉ MARÍA.
  • Botero, La Corrida. (1989). Barcelona, Lerner y Lerner.
  • Escallon, A,M., and Calderón, C. BOTERO. La Corrida. Bogotá, Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango, 1993.
  • Fernando Botero. Pinturas, dibujos, esculturas, Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, 1987. LASCAULT, GILBERT. Botero, la pintura. Barcelona, Lerner y Lerner, 1992.
  • MCcabe, Cynthia Jaffee. Fernando Botero. Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979. MEDINA, ALVARO. "Botero encuentra a Botero," published in Procesos del arte en Colombia. Bogotá, Colcultura, 1978.
  • Panesso, F. (1975). Los intocables. Bogotá, Ediciones Alcaraván.
  • Paquet, M. (1992). Botero, filosofía de la creación. Bélgica, Lanoo, Tielt, 1985, and Mallard Press.
  • Ratcliff, C. (1980). Botero. New York, Abbeville Press.
  • Rios, K. (2002). El Museo Botero. Accessed at: https://www.banrepcultural.org/bogota/museo-botero/historia
  • Rubiano, Germán. (1975). "La figuración tradicionalista," published in Historia del arte colombiano. Barcelona, Salvat Editores.
  • Sullivan, Edward. (1986). Botero. Sculpture. New York, Abbeville Press.
  • Traba, M. (1963). Seis artistas contemporáneos colombianos. Bogotá, Antares.
  • Traba, M. (1974). "Las dos líneas extremas de la pintura colombiana: Botero y Ramírez Villamizar," published in Historia abierta del arte colombiano. Cali, La Tertulia Museum of Modern Art.*

Related links in Banrepcutural

  1. [1] Interactive timeline of the life of Fernando Botero
  2. [2] Consult the list of materials available at the Luis Ángel Arango Library.
  3. [3] Read the review " Botero meets Botero ", published in the book " Processes of art in Colombia ".
  4. [4] Read the book " Botero Collection in the first person singular ".
  5. [5] Consult the book " Fernando Botero, painting as a world ".
  6. [6] Read the review " Botero's fan ", written by Hernando Valencia Goelkel.
  7. [7] Read the review " La corrida ", written by Darío Jaramillo Agudelo for the magazine Credencial Historia.

Credits

1.Research and text: María Clara Martínez Rivera and Mónica Piragauta Roldán, mediator of the museums and collections of the Banco de la República, for Banrepcultural.

2.Proofreading and editing: Inti Camila Romero Estrada and Diana Marcela Salas Solorzano, Public and Educational Services, Art and Other Collections Unit (UAOC).