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Oscar Muñoz is one of Colombia’s most renowned contemporary artists. He was born in Popayán in 1951, but moved to Cali as a child and lives and works in the city to this day. His relationship with art began while still a high school student when he joined the Departmental Institute of Fine Arts. His work emerged amid the cultural upheaval that transformed Cali into a locus of the arts in the 1970s, in dialogue with projects such as Ciudad Solar and the Experimental Theater. Following an in-depth exploration of drawing and photography, around the 1990s he made a foray into the use of new materials and techniques, receiving significant accolades for his work combining drawing, photography, printmaking, sculpture, video and installation. In 2018 he was honored with the Hasselblad Foundation International Award in Photography.
'''Oscar Muñoz''' is one of Colombia’s most renowned contemporary artists. He was born in Popayán in 1951, but moved to Cali as a child and lives and works in the city to this day. His relationship with art began while still a high school student when he joined the Departmental Institute of Fine Arts. His work emerged amid the cultural upheaval that transformed Cali into a locus of the arts in the 1970s, in dialogue with projects such as Ciudad Solar and the Experimental Theater. Following an in-depth exploration of drawing and photography, around the 1990s he made a foray into the use of new materials and techniques, receiving significant accolades for his work combining drawing, photography, printmaking, sculpture, video and installation. In 2018 he was honored with the Hasselblad Foundation International Award in Photography.


==Biografía==
==Biography==


Aunque Muñoz nació en Popayán, pasó sus primeros años en Venezuela. A la edad aproximada de ocho años, su familia retornó a Colombia y se radicó en Cali. Antes de terminar el bachillerato empezó su formación en el Instituto Departamental de Bellas Artes, en donde completó una formación inicial aún no certificada de manera profesional. Además de la influencia de este centro para la juventud caleña, se sumaba de años atrás la fundación del Museo La Tertulia y su difusión del arte moderno en la ciudad.
Although Muñoz was born in Popayán, he spent his early years in Venezuela. At the approximate age of eight, his family returned to Colombia and settled in the city of Cali. Before graduating high school, he began his training at the Departmental Institute of Fine Arts, where he completed initial training that was as yet not certified professionally. The influence of this center on the young people of Cali was complemented from some years previously by the founding of the La Tertulia Museum and its dissemination of modern art in the city.  
El ambiente de la ciudad en los años setenta fue propicio para una explosión creativa en varios campos. Distintas iniciativas juveniles surgieron como resonancias de los movimientos estudiantiles de finales de la década anterior, y construyeron una contracultura local apoyada en la literatura, el teatro, el cine y el grabado popular. Fue la época en que se gestaron proyectos como el Centro de Estudios Psicoanalíticos, el Teatro Experimental de Cali y Ciudad Solar, espacio cultural al que pertenecieron, entre otros, Andrés Caicedo, Luis Ospina y Carlos Mayolo.
The atmosphere in the city during the 1970s was conducive to a creative boom in various fields. A variety of youth initiatives arose as an echo of the student movements that took place at the end of the previous decade, fostering a local counterculture founded on literature, theater, film and popular printmaking. It was a period that gave birth to projects such as the Center for Psychoanalytic Studies, the Cali Experimental Theater and Ciudad Solar, a cultural space that counted Andrés Caicedo, Luis Ospina and Carlos Mayolo among its members.
Para la trayectoria artística de Muñoz sería fundamental el auge de la gráfica y el dibujo en Cali, manifestado en la celebración de las bienales de artes gráficas. También tendría gran valor la mirada a la marginalidad y el desconcierto que trajeron los procesos de urbanización, develada por la fotografía de Fernell Franco (1942-2006).
The growth of graphic art and drawing in Cali would be pivotal in Munoz’s artistic career, taking the form of the holding of graphic art biennials. Also of great value would be the vision of the marginalization and bewilderment caused by the processes of urbanization that was revealed by the photography of Fernell Franco (1942-2006).


===Trayectoria artística===
===Artistic career===


La carrera de Oscar Muñoz inició en la década de 1970 con series de dibujos que incorporaban la fotografía sin un interés conceptual en dicho medio, y siguiendo las corrientes del realismo e hiperrealismo que dominaban en el periodo. Su trabajo fue cercano al de otros artistas como Ever Astudillo, Fernell Franco, Edgar Negret, Phanor Satizábal, María de la Paz Jaramillo y Pedro Alcántara Herrán, siendo los dos últimos compañeros muy próximos en el Taller de Gráfica Experimental. Para este momento perduraba también la influencia de una generación anterior de artistas, a la que pertenecieron Jan Bartelsman, Lucy Tejada y María Thereza Negreiros. Varias obras del artista en esta década integran las colecciones de los principales museos de arte en Colombia.
The career of Oscar Muñoz began in the 1970s with series of drawings, which incorporated photography without a conceptual interest in the medium and followed the currents of realism and hyperrealism that were dominant at the time. His work was close to that of other artists such as Ever Astudillo, Fernell Franco, Edgar Negret, Phanor Satizábal, María de la Paz Jaramillo and Pedro Alcántara Herrán, with the latter two being very close peers in the Experimental Graphic Workshop. The influence of the previous generation of artists also persisted at that time, including Bartelsman, Lucy Tejada and María Thereza Negreiros. A range of works by Muñoz from this decade are part of the collections of Colombia’s foremost art museums.
En los años ochenta, la escena artística observó la saturación del dibujo y la gráfica, por lo cual se disolvieron eventos y proyectos colectivos relacionados con estos medios. Esto significó para muchos artistas una vuelta a periodos de trabajo introspectivo y relativamente aislado. Para Muñoz, este periodo se caracterizó por una transición desde las imágenes oscuras de los setenta, a unas más luminosas. De esta década es la experimentación con las Cortinas de baño, obra que marca un giro en el uso de las materias y los medios.
During the 1980s, the art scene was witness to a saturation of drawing and graphic art that resulted in events and collective projects related to the mediums coming to an end. For many artists, this signified a return to periods of introspective and relatively isolated work. For Muñoz, this period was characterized by a transition from the dark images of the 1970s to other, more luminous art. His experimentation with the Cortinas de baño (Shower curtains) dates from this decade, and the piece marks a shift in his use of materials and mediums.
A partir de la década de 1990, el artista profundizó en la experimentación con nuevas metodologías, partiendo de su experiencia inicial con el dibujo, el grabado y la fotografía, ahora fusionados con el video, la escultura y la instalación. Los desafíos planteados por las obras desarrolladas desde entonces, han implicado apoyos técnicos para el tratamiento sonoro, visual y fotográfico. Continúa usando materiales sobre soportes de agua como en Narciso e integra el vapor como revelador de imágenes, lo que se aprecia en Aliento. Algunas de estas obras ingresan a las colecciones de la Tate Modern Gallery de Londres (TATE), el Modern Museum of Art (MoMA) de Nueva York, el Museo de Arte del Condado de los Ángeles (LACMA) y la colección Daros Latinamerica de Zúrich <ref>Comunicado de prensa, Fundación Hasselblad, Gotemburgo, 8 de marzo de 2018</ref>.
From the 1990s, Muñoz delved deeper into experimentation with new methodologies based on his initial experience with drawing, printmaking and photography, which he now blended with video, sculpture and installation. The challenges posed by the works he created from then on entailed technical support for the sound, visual and photographic handling. He continued to use materials over the medium of water, as in Narciso (Narcissus), and incorporated steam as an image developer, as can be seen in Aliento (Breath). Some of these works entered the collections of London’s Tate Modern Gallery, the New York Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), the Los Angeles County Art Museum (LACMA) and the Daros Latinamerica Collection in Zurich<ref>Press release, Hasselblad Foundation, Gothenburg, March 8 2018.</ref>.
En 2005, Muñoz se proyecta como gestor cultural con la creación de Lugar a dudas, espacio de promoción de las artes plásticas en Cali basado en un programa de residencias para jóvenes artistas.
In 2005, Muñoz set out to be a cultural manager with the creation of Lugar a Dudas, a space to promote the visual arts in Cali based on a residency program for young artists.


===Características de su obra===
===Characteristics of her work===


El dibujo ha sido un elemento transversal en la obra plástica de Oscar Muñoz. A partir de su opción por el paisaje urbano en los años setenta, ha explorado el dibujo con distintas materias y formatos, la luz y la sombra, los contornos y contrastes, y la función de división y estructuración de lo observado que conlleva esta práctica. Más allá de su definición técnica, el artista señala la relevancia del dibujo como actividad de pensamiento. Para estas reflexiones ha resultado clave el ensayo El artesano del sociólogo estadounidense Richard Sennett.  
Drawing is a cross-cutting element in the visual work of Oscar Muñoz. After opting to focus on urban landscapes in the 1970s, he has explored drawing using a variety of materials and formats: light and shade, outlines and contrasts, and the function of dividing and structuring what is observed that is involved in the practice. Beyond its technical definition, Muñoz highlights the relevance of drawing as an activity of thought. Vital to these reflections has been the essay “''The Craftsman''” by the American sociologist Richard Sennett.  
La obra de Muñoz es identificada desde sus comienzos por su sensibilidad frente a los fenómenos históricos y sociales de Colombia y en las numerosas exposiciones internacionales dedicadas a su trayectoria se le destaca por el abordaje de temas como la memoria, el olvido, y la aparición y desaparición en la imagen fotográfica. Tras su interés juvenil por las condiciones de habitabilidad en los inquilinatos de Cali, en obras más recientes hace uso de imágenes de archivo que traen al presente escenas y figuras públicas y anónimas de la violencia sociopolítica en el país. La ubicación indefinible de sus imágenes en el antes y el después de la fijación fue la razón para definir su técnica con la expresión “''protografía''”.  
From the outset, Muñoz’s work has been recognized for its sensitivity to historical and social phenomena in Colombia. In the numerous international exhibitions devoted to his career, he has been highlighted for his approach to themes such as memory, forgetting, and appearance and disappearance in photographic images. Following his youthful interest in the living conditions of tenement houses in Cali, in his more recent work he makes use of archive images that bring into the present public and anonymous scenes and figures from the social and political violence in the country. The indefinable position of his images in the instant before and after fixing was the reason for his technique being defined using the expression “''protograph''”.  
En una entrevista para su exposición retrospectiva en Bogotá en 2011, reveló detalles de su experiencia subjetiva y ambiental que permiten interpretar con claridad algunos de los rasgos más importantes de su obra. El carácter monocromático de la mayoría de sus obras, y la presencia mayoritaria del blanco y el negro se relacionan con su daltonismo. Por otra parte, el clima de Cali y su bruma húmeda y cálida en ciertos momentos del día, llamada “''calina''” o “''calima''”, genera una visión borrosa o distorsionada: “''En alguna parte dije hace mucho que hay una hora del día en Cali en que las personas parecerían desmoronarse''.
In an interview for his retrospective exhibition in Bogotá in 2011, he revealed details of his subjective and environmental experience that enable a clear interpretation of some of the most significant traits of his work. The monochrome nature of the majority of his works and the predominance of black and white are related to his color blindness. Moreover, the climate of Cali and the city’s moist, warm haze, known as “''calina''” or “''calima''”, leads to blurry and distorted sight: “''A long time ago, I said somewhere that there’s a time of day in Cali when people seem to crumble apart''.


===Obras destacadas===
===Featured works===


*'''{{Fecha|1976|link=}}''': Inquilinato
*'''{{Fecha|1976|link=}}''': Inquilinato (Tenement Houses)
*'''{{Fecha|1980|link=}}''': Interiores
*'''{{Fecha|1980|link=}}''': Interiores (Interiors)
*'''{{Fecha|1986|link=}}''': serie Pinturas de Agua (colección del Museo de Arte Moderno La Tertulia de Cali)
*'''{{Fecha|1986|link=}}''': Pinturas de Agua (Water Paintings) series (collection of the La Tertulia Modern Art Museum in Cali)
*'''{{Fecha|1986-1992|link=}}''': Cortinas de baño
*'''{{Fecha|1986-1992|link=}}''': Cortinas de baño (Shower Curtains)
*'''{{Fecha|1988|link=}}''': Espacios
*'''{{Fecha|1988|link=}}''': Espacios (Spaces)
*'''{{Fecha|1991|link=}}''': Tiznados
*'''{{Fecha|1991|link=}}''': Tiznados (Sooty)
*'''{{Fecha|1994|link=}}''': Ambulatorio
*'''{{Fecha|1994|link=}}''': Ambulatorio (Ambulatory)
*'''{{Fecha|1995-2001|link=}}''': Narciso (colección de la Tate Modern de Londres y del Modern Museum of Art de Nueva York)
*'''{{Fecha|1995-2001|link=}}''': Narciso (Narcissus; collection of the Tate Modern in London and the New York Museum of Modern Art)
*'''{{Fecha|1995-2002|link=}}''': Aliento
*'''{{Fecha|1995-2002|link=}}''':Aliento (Breath)
*'''{{Fecha|1999-2007|link=}}''': Pixeles
*'''{{Fecha|1999-2007|link=}}''': Pixeles (Pixels)
*'''{{Fecha|2003-2004|link=}}''': Re/trato
*'''{{Fecha|2003-2004|link=}}''': Re/trato (Portrait/I Try Again)
*'''{{Fecha|2007|link=}}''': El juego de las probabilidades (colección del Modern Museum of Art de Nueva York)
*'''{{Fecha|2007|link=}}''': El juego de las probabilidades (The Game of Probabilities; collection of the New York Museum of Modern Art)
*'''{{Fecha|2011|link=}}''': Impresiones débiles
*'''{{Fecha|2011|link=}}''': Impresiones débiles (Weak Impressions)
*'''{{Fecha|2011|link=}}''': Sedimentaciones (colección de la Tate Modern de Londres) y Editor solitario, comisionadas por el Banco de la República para la exposición Protografías.
*'''{{Fecha|2011|link=}}''': Sedimentaciones (Sedimentations; collection of the Tate Modern in London) and Editor solitario (Solitary Editor), commissioned by the Banco de la República for the Protographs exhibition.


===Obras de Oscar Muñoz en las Colecciones del Banco de la República===
===Works by Oscar Muñoz in the collections of the Banco de la República===


{|class="wikitable" border="0" style="background:#ffffff; width: 90%" align="top"  
{|class="wikitable" border="0" style="background:#ffffff; width: 90%" align="top"  
|+ align="center" style="background:DarkSlateBlue; color:white"|<big>'''Obras de Oscar Muñoz en la Colección de Arte del Banco de la República'''</big>
|+ align="center" style="background:DarkSlateBlue; color:white"|<big>'''Works by Oscar Muñoz in the collections of the Banco de la República'''</big>
! width="300 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Título
! width="300 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Title
! width="40 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Año
! width="40 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Year
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Ubicación
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Location
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Denominación
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Technique
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Registro
! width="80 px" style="background:Lavender; color:Black"|Registration number
|-
|-
||Vicky
||Vicky
||1974
||1974
||Reserva
||Reserve
||Dibujo
||Drawing
||AP0536
||AP0536
|-
|-
||Inquilinato
||Inquilinato (Tenement House)
||1976
||1976
||EN EXHIBICIÓN Bogotá, Centro Cultural de Bogotá, Museo de Arte Miguel Urrutia (MAMU), Exposición Permanente de la Colección de Arte, Clásicos, experimentales y radicales
||ON EXHIBITION Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Miguel Urrutia Art Museum (MAMU), permanent exhibition from the art collection (classic, experimental and radical) 
||Dibujo
||Drawing
||AP5288
||AP5288
|-
|-
||Sin título (Del portafolio graficario de la lucha popular en Colombia)
||Untitled (from the graphic portfolio of popular struggle in Colombia)
||1977
||Reserve
||Reserva
||Print
||Grabado
||AP0851
||AP0851
|-
|-
||Sin título (Del portafolio "''Libertad - Colombia''")
||Untitled (from the portfolio
"Libertad - Colombia")
||1979
||1979
||Reserva
||Reserve
||Grabado
||Print
||AP1042
||AP1042
|-
|-
||Series mujeres No.12
||Mujeres (Women) series No.12
||1980
||1980
||Reserva
||Reserve
||Dibujo
||Drawing
||AP1172
||AP1172
|-
|-
||Interiores
||Interiores (Interiors)
||1980
||1980
||EN EXHIBICIÓN Bogotá, Centro Cultural de Bogotá, Museo de Arte Miguel Urrutia (MAMU), Exposición Permanente de la Colección de Arte
||ON EXHIBITION
||Dibujo
Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Miguel Urrutia Art Museum (MAMU), permanent exhibition from the art collection
||Drawing
||AP5277
||AP5277
|-
|-
||Espacios
||Espacios (Spaces)
||1988
||1988
||
||
||Pintura
||Painting
||AP5276
||AP5276
|-
|-
||Cortinas de baño
||Cortinas de baño (Shower curtains)
||1992
||1992
||
||
||Pintura
||Painting
||AP2149
||AP2149
|-
|-
||Simulacros
||Simulacros (Simulations)
||1999
||1999
||Reserva
||Reserve
||Instalación
||Installation
||AP4939
||AP4939
|-
|-
||Narciso
||Narciso (Narcissus)
||2001
||2001
||
||
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||AP4137
||AP4137
|-
|-
||Editor Solitario
||Editor Solitario (Solitary Editor)
||2011
||2011
||Reserva
||Reserve
||Video -instalación
||Video installation
||AP5325
||AP5325
|-
|-
||Sedimentaciones
||Sedimentaciones (Sedimentations)
||2011
||2011
||Reserva
||Reserve
||Video
||Video
||AP5195
||AP5195
Línea 146: Línea 147:


==Cronología==
==Cronología==
*'''{{Fecha|1951|link=}}''': nace en Popayán.
*'''{{Fecha|1951|link=}}''': Born in Popayán.
*'''{{Fecha|1971|link=}}''': termina sus estudios de artes en el IDBA.
*'''{{Fecha|1971|link=}}''': Completes his studies in art at the IDBA.  
*'''{{Fecha|1976|link=}}''': se presenta al XXVI Salón Nacional de Artistas Colombianos.
*'''{{Fecha|1976|link=}}''': Features at the 26th National Colombian Artists Show.  
*'''{{Fecha|1986|link=}}''': concursa en el XXX Salón Nacional de Artistas con la serie “''Pinturas de agua''”.
*'''{{Fecha|1986|link=}}''': Takes part in the 30th National Artists Show with the series “''Pinturas de Agua''” (Water Paintings).
*'''{{Fecha|2004|link=}}''': participa en el 39 Salón Nacional de Artistas con el video “''Re/trato''”
*'''{{Fecha|2004|link=}}''': Participates in the 39th National Artists Show with the video “''Re/trato''” (Portrait/I Try Again).
*'''{{Fecha|2005|link=}}''': funda Lugar a dudas. Participa en la exposición colectiva Cantos cuentos colombianos en la Daros Latinamerica Collection en Zúrich.
*'''{{Fecha|2005|link=}}''': Founds Lugar a Dudas. Takes part in the group exhibition Cantos cuentos colombianos (Colombian Songs Tales) at the Daros Latinamerica Collection in Zurich.
*'''{{Fecha|2006|link=}}''': es parte de la exposición Analog Animation en el Drawing Center de Nueva York.
*'''{{Fecha|2006|link=}}''': Forms part of the exhibition “Analog Animation” at The Drawing Center in New York.  
*'''{{Fecha|2007|link=}}''': sus obras son exhibidas en la muestra The Hours en el Irish Museum of Modern Art de Dublín y en la Bienal de Arte de Venecia.
*'''{{Fecha|2007|link=}}''': His works are exhibited in the “The Hours” show at the Irish Museum of Modern Art in Dublin and the Venice Biennale.
*'''{{Fecha|2008|link=}}''': realiza exposiciones individuales en varias ciudades: Oscar Muñoz, documentos de la amnesia, en el Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo de Badajoz; Mirror image, en el Institute of International Visual Arts de Londres; Imprints for a fleeting memorial en el Prefix Institute of Contemporary Art de Toronto.
*'''{{Fecha|2008|link=}}''': Holds individual exhibitions in various cities: “Oscar Muñoz: Documents of Amnesia” at the Ibero-American Museum of Contemporary Art in Badajoz; “Mirror Image” at the Institute of International Visual Arts in London; and “Imprints for a Fleeting Memorial” at the Prefix Institute of Contemporary Art in Toronto.
*'''{{Fecha|2009|link=}}''': realiza una exposición en el Bildmuseet en Suecia.
*'''{{Fecha|2009|link=}}''': Holds an exhibition at the Bildmuseet in Sweden.
*'''{{Fecha|2011|link=}}''': el Banco de la República presenta su retrospectiva nacional Protografías, con la curaduría de José Roca y María Wills. La exposición se realiza también en el Museo de Arte Moderno de Medellín (MAMM) y en el Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires.
*'''{{Fecha|2011|link=}}''': The Banco de la República presents a national retrospective of his work, entitled Protographs and curated by José Roca and María Wills. The exhibition also visits the Medellín Museum of Modern Art (MAMM) and the Museum of Latin American Art in Buenos Aires.  
*'''{{Fecha|2014|link=}}''': la Galería Nacional de Jeu de Paume en París le dedica una exposición retrospectiva.
*'''{{Fecha|2014|link=}}''': The Jeu de Paume National Gallery in Paris devotes a retrospective exhibition to his work.
*'''{{Fecha|2018|link=}}''': recibe el Premio Internacional de Fotografía de la Fundación Hasselblad.
*'''{{Fecha|2018|link=}}''': Receives the Hasselblad Foundation International Award in Photography.


==Véase también==
==See also==


*[https://www.banrepcultural.org/oscar-munoz/presentacion.html Exposición Protografías, Oscar Muñoz]
*[https://www.banrepcultural.org/oscar-munoz/presentacion.html Protographs exhibition, Oscar Muñoz]


*[https://enciclopedia.banrepcultural.org/index.php/Luis_Ospina Biografía Luis Ospina]
*[https://enciclopedia.banrepcultural.org/index.php/Luis_Ospina Luis Ospina biography]


*[https://www.banrepcultural.org/multimedia/conversacion-luis-ospina-el-afecto-y-la-memoria Conversatorio “''Luis Ospina, el afecto y la memoria''”]
*[https://www.banrepcultural.org/multimedia/conversacion-luis-ospina-el-afecto-y-la-memoria Conversatorio “''Luis Ospina, Affection and Memory''” discussion:]


*[https://enciclopedia.banrepcultural.org/index.php/Andr%C3%A9s_Caicedo_Estela Biografía Andrés Caicedo]
*[https://enciclopedia.banrepcultural.org/index.php/Andr%C3%A9s_Caicedo_Estela Andrés Caicedo biography]


*[https://www.banrepcultural.org/exposiciones/andres-caicedo Exposición “''Andrés Caicedo: morir y dejar obra''”]
*[https://www.banrepcultural.org/exposiciones/andres-caicedo “Andrés Caicedo: Die and Leave Behind Work” exhibition]


 
==References==
==Referencias==


{{listaref}}
{{listaref}}


==Bibliografía==
==Bibliography==


1. [http://www.icesi.edu.co/papeldecolgadura/images/pdc/vol4/PDC_4_16.pdf Fernández, L. (2010). Las manos inteligentes de Oscar Muñoz. Papel de colgadura, 4, 76-85.]
1.[http://www.icesi.edu.co/papeldecolgadura/images/pdc/vol4/PDC_4_16.pdf Fernández, L. (2010). Las manos inteligentes de Oscar Muñoz (The intelligent hands of Oscar Muñoz). Papel de colgadura, 4, 76-85.]


2. Lleras, C. y otros (2006). Marca registrada. Salón Nacional de Artistas: tradición y vanguardia en el arte colombiano. Bogotá: Museo Nacional de Colombia, Editorial Planeta.
2. Lleras, C. et al. (2006). Marca registrada. Salón Nacional de Artistas: tradición y vanguardia en el arte colombiano (Registered trademark. National Artists Show: tradition and avant-garde in Colombian art). Bogotá: National Museum of Colombia, Editorial Planeta.


3. [https://www.banrepcultural.org/oscar-munoz/presentacion.html Wills, M. (2011). Entrevista retrospectiva a Oscar Muñoz. Exposición “''Protografías''” ]
3. [https://www.banrepcultural.org/oscar-munoz/presentacion.html Wills, M. (2011). Entrevista retrospectiva a Oscar Muñoz. Exposición “''Protografías''” ]


==Colección de arte del Banco de la República==
==Art collection of the Banco de la República==
 
*Visit the artwork Vicky of Oscar Muñoz in [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/vicky-ap0536 Colección de arte]
*Visit the artwork Tenement House of Oscar Muñoz in [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/inquilinato-ap5288 Colección de arte]
*Visit the artwork from the graphic portfolio of popular struggle in Colombia of Oscar Muñoz in [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/sin-titulo-del-portafolio-graficario-de-la-lucha-popular-en-colombia-ap0851 Colección de arte]
*Visit the artwork from the portfolio "Libertad - Colombia of Oscar Muñoz in [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/sin-titulo-del-portafolio-libertad-colombia-ap1042 Colección de arte]
*Visit the artwork Women series No.12 of Oscar Muñoz in [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/series-mujeres-no12-ap1172 Colección de arte]
*Visit the artwork Interiors of Oscar Muñoz in [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/interiores-ap5277 Colección de arte]
*Visit the artwork Spaces of Oscar Muñoz in [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/espacios-ap5276 Colección de arte]
*Visit the artwork Shower curtains of Oscar Muñoz in [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/cortinas-de-bano-ap2149 Colección de arte]
*Visit the artwork Simulations of Oscar Muñoz in [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/simulacros-ap4939 Colección de arte]
*Visit the artwork Narcissus of Oscar Muñoz in [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/narciso-ap4137 Colección de arte]
*Visit the artwork Solitary Editor of Oscar Muñoz in [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/editor-solitario-ap5325 Colección de arte]
*Visit the artwork Sedimentations of Oscar Muñoz in [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/sedimentaciones-ap5195 Colección de arte]


*Visite la obra Vicky de Oscar Muñoz en [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/vicky-ap0536 Colección de arte]
==Credits==
*Visite la obra Inquilinato de Oscar Muñoz en [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/inquilinato-ap5288 Colección de arte]
*Visite la obra Graficario de la lucha popular en Colombia de Oscar Muñoz en [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/sin-titulo-del-portafolio-graficario-de-la-lucha-popular-en-colombia-ap0851 Colección de arte]
*Visite la obra de Oscar Muñoz en [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/sin-titulo-del-portafolio-libertad-colombia-ap1042 Colección de arte]
*Visite la obra Series mujeres de Oscar Muñoz en [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/series-mujeres-no12-ap1172 Colección de arte]
*Visite la obra Interiores de Oscar Muñoz en [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/interiores-ap5277 Colección de arte]
*Visite la obra Espacios de Oscar Muñoz en [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/espacios-ap5276 Colección de arte]
*Visite la obra Cortinas de baño de Oscar Muñoz en [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/cortinas-de-bano-ap2149 Colección de arte]
*Visite la obra Simulacros de Oscar Muñoz en [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/simulacros-ap4939 Colección de arte]
*Visite la obra Narciso de Oscar Muñoz en [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/narciso-ap4137 Colección de arte]
*Visite la obra Editor Solitario de Oscar Muñoz en [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/editor-solitario-ap5325 Colección de arte]
*Visite la obra Sedimentaciones de Oscar Muñoz en [https://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte/obra/sedimentaciones-ap5195 Colección de arte]


==Créditos==
1.Research and text: Oscar David Rodríguez, mediator of the museums and collections of the  Banco de la República, for Banrepcultural.
1. Investigación y texto Oscar David Rodríguez, mediador de los Museos y colecciones del Banco de la República, para Banrepcultural.


2. Revisión y edición de textos: Inti Camila Romero Estrada y Diana Marcela Salas Solórzano. Servicios al Público y Educativos, Unidad de Arte y Otras Colecciones (UAOC)
2. Text revision and editing: Inti Camila Romero Estrada and Diana Marcela Salas Solórzano. Public and Educational Services, Art and Other Collections Unit (UAOC).


[[Categoría:Artista]][[Categoría:Hombre]] [[Categoría:Colección de arte del Banco de la República]]
[[Categoría:Artista]][[Categoría:Hombre]] [[Categoría:Colección de arte del Banco de la República]]


{{RelacionesBanrepcultural}}
{{RelacionesBanrepcultural}}

Revisión actual - 13:38 21 sep 2021

Otros idiomas:
Oscar Muñoz
Avatar-hombre.jpg
Datos generales
Nombre Oscar Muñoz
Fecha de nacimiento 1951
Nacionalidad Colombiana Bandera de Colombia }}
Ocupación Artista
País de nacimiento Colombia Bandera de Colombia }}
Ciudad de nacimiento Popayán


Oscar Muñoz is one of Colombia’s most renowned contemporary artists. He was born in Popayán in 1951, but moved to Cali as a child and lives and works in the city to this day. His relationship with art began while still a high school student when he joined the Departmental Institute of Fine Arts. His work emerged amid the cultural upheaval that transformed Cali into a locus of the arts in the 1970s, in dialogue with projects such as Ciudad Solar and the Experimental Theater. Following an in-depth exploration of drawing and photography, around the 1990s he made a foray into the use of new materials and techniques, receiving significant accolades for his work combining drawing, photography, printmaking, sculpture, video and installation. In 2018 he was honored with the Hasselblad Foundation International Award in Photography.

Biography

Although Muñoz was born in Popayán, he spent his early years in Venezuela. At the approximate age of eight, his family returned to Colombia and settled in the city of Cali. Before graduating high school, he began his training at the Departmental Institute of Fine Arts, where he completed initial training that was as yet not certified professionally. The influence of this center on the young people of Cali was complemented from some years previously by the founding of the La Tertulia Museum and its dissemination of modern art in the city. The atmosphere in the city during the 1970s was conducive to a creative boom in various fields. A variety of youth initiatives arose as an echo of the student movements that took place at the end of the previous decade, fostering a local counterculture founded on literature, theater, film and popular printmaking. It was a period that gave birth to projects such as the Center for Psychoanalytic Studies, the Cali Experimental Theater and Ciudad Solar, a cultural space that counted Andrés Caicedo, Luis Ospina and Carlos Mayolo among its members. The growth of graphic art and drawing in Cali would be pivotal in Munoz’s artistic career, taking the form of the holding of graphic art biennials. Also of great value would be the vision of the marginalization and bewilderment caused by the processes of urbanization that was revealed by the photography of Fernell Franco (1942-2006).

Artistic career

The career of Oscar Muñoz began in the 1970s with series of drawings, which incorporated photography without a conceptual interest in the medium and followed the currents of realism and hyperrealism that were dominant at the time. His work was close to that of other artists such as Ever Astudillo, Fernell Franco, Edgar Negret, Phanor Satizábal, María de la Paz Jaramillo and Pedro Alcántara Herrán, with the latter two being very close peers in the Experimental Graphic Workshop. The influence of the previous generation of artists also persisted at that time, including Bartelsman, Lucy Tejada and María Thereza Negreiros. A range of works by Muñoz from this decade are part of the collections of Colombia’s foremost art museums. During the 1980s, the art scene was witness to a saturation of drawing and graphic art that resulted in events and collective projects related to the mediums coming to an end. For many artists, this signified a return to periods of introspective and relatively isolated work. For Muñoz, this period was characterized by a transition from the dark images of the 1970s to other, more luminous art. His experimentation with the Cortinas de baño (Shower curtains) dates from this decade, and the piece marks a shift in his use of materials and mediums. From the 1990s, Muñoz delved deeper into experimentation with new methodologies based on his initial experience with drawing, printmaking and photography, which he now blended with video, sculpture and installation. The challenges posed by the works he created from then on entailed technical support for the sound, visual and photographic handling. He continued to use materials over the medium of water, as in Narciso (Narcissus), and incorporated steam as an image developer, as can be seen in Aliento (Breath). Some of these works entered the collections of London’s Tate Modern Gallery, the New York Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), the Los Angeles County Art Museum (LACMA) and the Daros Latinamerica Collection in Zurich[1]. In 2005, Muñoz set out to be a cultural manager with the creation of Lugar a Dudas, a space to promote the visual arts in Cali based on a residency program for young artists.

Characteristics of her work

Drawing is a cross-cutting element in the visual work of Oscar Muñoz. After opting to focus on urban landscapes in the 1970s, he has explored drawing using a variety of materials and formats: light and shade, outlines and contrasts, and the function of dividing and structuring what is observed that is involved in the practice. Beyond its technical definition, Muñoz highlights the relevance of drawing as an activity of thought. Vital to these reflections has been the essay “The Craftsman” by the American sociologist Richard Sennett. From the outset, Muñoz’s work has been recognized for its sensitivity to historical and social phenomena in Colombia. In the numerous international exhibitions devoted to his career, he has been highlighted for his approach to themes such as memory, forgetting, and appearance and disappearance in photographic images. Following his youthful interest in the living conditions of tenement houses in Cali, in his more recent work he makes use of archive images that bring into the present public and anonymous scenes and figures from the social and political violence in the country. The indefinable position of his images in the instant before and after fixing was the reason for his technique being defined using the expression “protograph”. In an interview for his retrospective exhibition in Bogotá in 2011, he revealed details of his subjective and environmental experience that enable a clear interpretation of some of the most significant traits of his work. The monochrome nature of the majority of his works and the predominance of black and white are related to his color blindness. Moreover, the climate of Cali and the city’s moist, warm haze, known as “calina” or “calima”, leads to blurry and distorted sight: “A long time ago, I said somewhere that there’s a time of day in Cali when people seem to crumble apart”.

Featured works

  • 1976: Inquilinato (Tenement Houses)
  • 1980: Interiores (Interiors)
  • 1986: Pinturas de Agua (Water Paintings) series (collection of the La Tertulia Modern Art Museum in Cali)
  • 1986-1992: Cortinas de baño (Shower Curtains)
  • 1988: Espacios (Spaces)
  • 1991: Tiznados (Sooty)
  • 1994: Ambulatorio (Ambulatory)
  • 1995-2001: Narciso (Narcissus; collection of the Tate Modern in London and the New York Museum of Modern Art)
  • 1995-2002:Aliento (Breath)
  • 1999-2007: Pixeles (Pixels)
  • 2003-2004: Re/trato (Portrait/I Try Again)
  • 2007: El juego de las probabilidades (The Game of Probabilities; collection of the New York Museum of Modern Art)
  • 2011: Impresiones débiles (Weak Impressions)
  • 2011: Sedimentaciones (Sedimentations; collection of the Tate Modern in London) and Editor solitario (Solitary Editor), commissioned by the Banco de la República for the Protographs exhibition.

Works by Oscar Muñoz in the collections of the Banco de la República

Works by Oscar Muñoz in the collections of the Banco de la República
Title Year Location Technique Registration number
Vicky 1974 Reserve Drawing AP0536
Inquilinato (Tenement House) 1976 ON EXHIBITION Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Miguel Urrutia Art Museum (MAMU), permanent exhibition from the art collection (classic, experimental and radical) Drawing AP5288
Untitled (from the graphic portfolio of popular struggle in Colombia) Reserve Print AP0851
Untitled (from the portfolio

"Libertad - Colombia")

1979 Reserve Print AP1042
Mujeres (Women) series No.12 1980 Reserve Drawing AP1172
Interiores (Interiors) 1980 ON EXHIBITION

Bogotá, Bogotá Cultural Center, Miguel Urrutia Art Museum (MAMU), permanent exhibition from the art collection

Drawing AP5277
Espacios (Spaces) 1988 Painting AP5276
Cortinas de baño (Shower curtains) 1992 Painting AP2149
Simulacros (Simulations) 1999 Reserve Installation AP4939
Narciso (Narcissus) 2001 Video AP4137
Editor Solitario (Solitary Editor) 2011 Reserve Video installation AP5325
Sedimentaciones (Sedimentations) 2011 Reserve Video AP5195

Cronología

  • 1951: Born in Popayán.
  • 1971: Completes his studies in art at the IDBA.
  • 1976: Features at the 26th National Colombian Artists Show.
  • 1986: Takes part in the 30th National Artists Show with the series “Pinturas de Agua” (Water Paintings).
  • 2004: Participates in the 39th National Artists Show with the video “Re/trato” (Portrait/I Try Again).
  • 2005: Founds Lugar a Dudas. Takes part in the group exhibition Cantos cuentos colombianos (Colombian Songs Tales) at the Daros Latinamerica Collection in Zurich.
  • 2006: Forms part of the exhibition “Analog Animation” at The Drawing Center in New York.
  • 2007: His works are exhibited in the “The Hours” show at the Irish Museum of Modern Art in Dublin and the Venice Biennale.
  • 2008: Holds individual exhibitions in various cities: “Oscar Muñoz: Documents of Amnesia” at the Ibero-American Museum of Contemporary Art in Badajoz; “Mirror Image” at the Institute of International Visual Arts in London; and “Imprints for a Fleeting Memorial” at the Prefix Institute of Contemporary Art in Toronto.
  • 2009: Holds an exhibition at the Bildmuseet in Sweden.
  • 2011: The Banco de la República presents a national retrospective of his work, entitled Protographs and curated by José Roca and María Wills. The exhibition also visits the Medellín Museum of Modern Art (MAMM) and the Museum of Latin American Art in Buenos Aires.
  • 2014: The Jeu de Paume National Gallery in Paris devotes a retrospective exhibition to his work.
  • 2018: Receives the Hasselblad Foundation International Award in Photography.

See also

References

  1. Press release, Hasselblad Foundation, Gothenburg, March 8 2018.

Bibliography

1.Fernández, L. (2010). Las manos inteligentes de Oscar Muñoz (The intelligent hands of Oscar Muñoz). Papel de colgadura, 4, 76-85.

2. Lleras, C. et al. (2006). Marca registrada. Salón Nacional de Artistas: tradición y vanguardia en el arte colombiano (Registered trademark. National Artists Show: tradition and avant-garde in Colombian art). Bogotá: National Museum of Colombia, Editorial Planeta.

3. Wills, M. (2011). Entrevista retrospectiva a Oscar Muñoz. Exposición “Protografías

Art collection of the Banco de la República

Credits

1.Research and text: Oscar David Rodríguez, mediator of the museums and collections of the Banco de la República, for Banrepcultural.

2. Text revision and editing: Inti Camila Romero Estrada and Diana Marcela Salas Solórzano. Public and Educational Services, Art and Other Collections Unit (UAOC).